IMMUNE ORGANS AND GROWTH PERFORMANCE OF MALE LAYING HENS WITH USE OF EUGENOL CLOVE LEAF OIL AS A SUBSTITUTE OF ANTIBIOTIC IN FEED

Article History

Submited : June 2, 2022
Published : June 24, 2022

The use of antibiotics as growth promoters (AGP) in poultry feed aims to stimulate growth and prevent disease. However, the use of antibiotics in animal feed has been banned spread of resistant bacteria which can be harmful to human health.  The use of natural compounds, especially essential oils, as a natural alternative for antibiotics. The aim of the study was to evaluate the inclusion of eugenol clove leaf oil as a feed additive to replace antibiotics in feed on immune organs and growth performance of male laying hens. Experiment was designed in  Completely Randomized Design with 5 treatments and 4 replicates. The study Animal used 120 DOC (Day Old Chick) of male laying hens. Treatments consist of: P1 = Basal feed; P2  = Basal feed  +  0.005% tetracycline ; P3  =  Basal diets +  0.5% eugenol; P4  = Basal diets +  1.0% eugenol; P5  = Basal diets  +  1.5% eugenol. Variables observed i.e.: immune organs (thymus, bursa fabricus, spleen, liver) and growth performance (weigh gain, feed intake, protein intake, energy intake, feed efficiency). The statistical analyses were carried out using  Anova and LSD test. Results were shown  high significant (P<0. 01) effects on thymus (immune organ) and growth performance (weight gain, feed intake, protein intake, energy intake, feed efficiency) of male laying hens.  However, no significant (P>0.05) effects on bursa fabricus, spleen, and liver (immune organs). Our finding suggest that the use of eugenol clove leaf oil as a substitute for antibiotics in feed,  with a level of 0.5%-1.0%  of male laying hens resulted similar response to the use of tetracycline 0.005%.

 

Aguilar, C.A. L., K.R.S. Lima, M.C. Manno, F. B. Tavares, V.S. Souza and D.L.F. Neto. 2013. Effect of copaiba essential oil on broiler chickens' performance. J.Acta Scientiarum. 35(2): 145-151.

Bhuiyan, Md,.N.I., J. Bagum, N.C. Nandi and F. Akter. 2010. Constituents of the essential oil from leaves and buds of clove (Syzigium aromaticum). African J. Plant Sci. 4 (11): 451-454

Castanon, JIR . 2007. History of the use of antibiotic as growth promoters. J. Poult. Sci 86:2466–2471

Chalghoumi, R., A. Belgacem, I. Trabelsi, Y. Bouatour, and R. Bergaoui. 2013. Effect of supplementation with probiotics or essential oils on growth performance of broiler chickens. Int.J. Poult. Sci. 12: 538-544.

Cross, D. E., M.C. Devitt, K.Hillman, and T. Acamovic. 2007. The effects of herbs and their associated essential oils on performance, dietary digestibility and gut micro flora in chickens from 7 to 28 days of age. B. Poult. Sci. 48(4): 496-506,

Dehghani, F., A. Heshmatpour, M.R. Panjehshahin and T.T.Khozani. 2012. Toxic effects of water/ alcoholic extract of Syzygium aromaticum on sperm quality, sex hormones and reproductive tissues in male mouse. IUFS. J. Biol. 71 (2): 95 – 102.

Dibazar, S. P., S. Fateh, and Daneshmandi, S. 2015. Immunomodulatiry effects of clove (Syzygium aromaticum) constituents on macrophages: in vitro evaluations of aqueous and ethanolic components. J. of Immunotoxicology. 12 (2):124-131.

Hermana, W., D. I. Puspitasari, K. G. Wirawan, and S.Suharti. 2008. Effects of bay leaf flour (Syzygium polyanthum) in diets as an antibacterial agent E.Coli on internal organs of broiler chickens. J.Med.Pet. 31 (1):63-70.

Huang Y, S.H. Ho, H.C. Lee and Y.L. Yap, 2002. Insecticidal properties of eugenol, isoeugenol and Methyl eugenol and their effects on nutrition of Sitophilus zeamais Motsch. (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) and Tribolium castaneum (Herbst) (Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae). J. Stored Prod. Res., 38 (5): 403-412.

Ikhsan, A. A., E. Suprijatna and Isroli. 2019. Effect of feeding frequency and period on the relative weight of the lymphoid organs of super native chickens. Indonesian J.of Animal Sci.14(3):306-311.

Khaksar, V., V. Krimpen, H.Hashemipour, M. Pilevar. 2012. Effects of thyme essential oil on performance, some blood parameters and ileal microflora of Japanese quail. The J. Poult. Sci. 49 (2):106-110

Lee, K.G. and T. Shibamoto, 2001. Antioxidant property of aroma extract isolated from clove buds (Syzygium aromaticum (L.) Merr. Et Perry). Food Chem., 74 (4): 443-448.

Phillips, I., M.Casewell, T.Cox, D.Groot, C. Friis, R. Jones, C.Nightingale, R. Preston, J. Waddell. 2004. Does the use of antibiotics in food animals pose a risk to human health? A critical review of published data. J. of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy. 53(1): 28-52
Razafimamonjison, G., M. Jahiel, T. Duclos, P. Ramanoelina, F. Fawbush, P. Danthu. 2015. Bud, leaf and stem essential oil composition of Syzigium aromaticum from Madagascar, Indonesia and Zanzibar. Int. J. of Basic and Applied Sci. 3 (3) : 224-233.
Scherer, R., S. B. Junior, R. D. Albuquerque, and H. T. Godoy. 2014. Microencapsulated eucalyptol and eugenol as growth promoters in broiler. J.REBRAPA. 5(1):26-32.
Steel, R.G.D and J.H. Torrie. 1995. Prinsiples and Prosedures of Statistics. McGraw Hill. New York
Suminto, A., Suhardi, and E. C. Wulandari. 2020. Effect of giving natural antibiotic cococtions to Salmonella sp transmission and Broiler starter performance. J.Tropical Anim. Sci. 2 (1):10-16
Tahir, M., S. Chuzaemi, E. Widodo and Hafsah. 2019. The performance of broilers given eugenol of clove leaf essential oil as a feed additive. Russian J. of Agricultural and Socio-Econ. Sci. 11(95): 200 – 205
Tizard, I. 1988. Introduction the Veterinary Immunology. Translation : Partodiredjo M. Airlangga University Press. Surabaya
Velluti A, V. Sanchis, A.J. Ramos and S. Marı’n, 2003. Inhibitory effect of cinnamon, clove, lemon grass, oregano and palmarose essential oils on growth and fumonisin B1 production by Fusarium proliferatum in maize grain. Int. J. Food Microbiol, 89: 145-154.
Williams, P. and R. Losa, 2001 The use of essential oils and their compounds in poultry nutrition.World Poult. Sci. 17(4): 14 – 15
Windisch, W., K. Schedle, C. Plitzner, and A.Kroismayr. 2008. Use of phytogenic products as feed additives for swine and poultry. J. of Animal Sci. 86(14):140-148.
Hafsah, H., Damayanti, A., Syahrir, S., Tahir, T., Rahmasari, F., & Alsahab, M. (2022). IMMUNE ORGANS AND GROWTH PERFORMANCE OF MALE LAYING HENS WITH USE OF EUGENOL CLOVE LEAF OIL AS A SUBSTITUTE OF ANTIBIOTIC IN FEED. AGROLAND The Agricultural Sciences Journal (e-Journal), 9(1), 52 - 58. https://doi.org/10.22487/agroland.v9i1.1311
Fulltext