Vol 10, No 1 (2023): june

Sweet orange (Citrus sinensis L.) is an important fruit produced and consumed worldwide and it’s an excellent source of vitamin C. However, citrus industry in Ethiopia is at an infant stage; which is particularly due to shortage of improved and adapted cultivars and their distribution. Considering these, six sweet orange cultivars were evaluated to select adapted, high yielding and quality cultivar/s. Different growth, phenological, yield and yield component data were collected and analyzed using SAS. Days to maturity was also highly significantly (p<0.01)) affected by cultivars in 2017 cropping year. Fruit weight without rind (flesh weight) and juice weight were highly significantly (p<0.05) affected by cultivars in 2018 harvesting year. Marketable yield, unmarketable yield, and total yield tree^-1 were significantly affected by cultivars in both 2017 and 2018 harvesting year. O. Valencia is late matured cultivars which took 1622 days from planting to first harvest. While, P.W.N. is early matured cultivars with average number of days of 1104 from planting to first harvest. In 2017, Hamlin, gave the highest marketable fruit yield tree^-1 (68.61 kg) and total yield tree^-1 (68.94kg). Jaffa gave significantly the maximum marketable fruit yield tree^-1 (197.24 kg) and total yield tree^-1 (198.81 kg) in 2018 cropping year. In 2019 harvesting year, Hamlin gave the highest marketable (63.3 kg) and total (64.02 kg) fruit yield tree^-1. In average Jaffa and Hamlin gave the maximum marketable fruit yield tree^-1 from the three consecutive harvesting years with mean value of 95.38 kg and 72.24 kg respectively. So, in Raya Azebo, and other areas having similar agro-ecologies Jaffa and Hamlin cultivars are recommended. Further, studying the nutritional content and water requirements of these cultivars are suggested.

Central Sulawesi's agricultural sector is classified as a substantial sector. This study aims to identify the existence of the agricultural sector in the economic structure of Central Sulawesi. Data analysis used Location Quotient (LQ), Dynamic Location Quotient (DLQ), and Shift Share Analysis methods. The data used is based from the Central Statistics Agency for Central Sulawesi and Indonesia in 2015-2020 based on constant prices. The results showed that the agricultural sector of Central Sulawesi was classified as the base sector with the highest average LQ value and was followed by the mining and quarrying sector. Meanwhile, the results of the DLQ analysis show that the agricultural sector is threatened with repositioning in the future. The combined analysis of LQ and DLQ indicates that the agricultural sector in Central Sulawesi is on a basic non-prospective. The results of shift-share analysis (Nij) show that the highest performance in the agricultural sub-sector is produced by the plantation sub-sector and the fishery sub-sector. The industrial mix value (Mij) from the agricultural sector and all sub-sectors mostly shows negative numbers, so only three agricultural sub-sectors, including the developed sector in Central Sulawesi Province include the horticulture sub-sector, livestock sub-sector, and fishery sub-sector. Based on the value (Cij) of the agricultural sector, it shows a negative number, so the sub-sectors that need to be improved include the food crops sub-sector, the horticulture sub-sector, the plantation sub-sector, and the fisheries sub-sector. It is necessary to pay attention to increasing labor wages in the agricultural sector and improving the performance of agro-industry in Central Sulawesi to create added value.

Lamuru corn is one of the certified superior seeds cultivated by the Tarus Food Crops Center (BBI) of Kupang Regency. Apart from producing Lamuru corn seeds, BBI has also carried out marketing activities since its establishment in the 1990s until now. This study aims to determine the position of Lamuru corn seed farming through the Boston Consulting Group matrix approach. Data collection techniques used the Focus Group Discussion method. The types of data in this study are primary and secondary data. The research population was all farmers who worked at the Tarus Food Crops Main Seed Center, consisting of 14 farmers. Sampling uses a census or saturated sample method in which the entire population is used as a sample. The results showed that Lamuru corn seed farming at the Tarus Food Crops Main Seed Center was in a star position. This position indicates that lamuru corn seed farming has a high market growth rate of 94.77% and a market share of 0.8 times. The policy implies empowering farmers/breeders/KSO (Operational Cooperation) by increasing the area of ​​land that is the responsibility of BBI Tarus of 7 Hectares.

Pinrang Regency is one of the centers for the development of Hybrid Corn (Zea mays L) which is spread in several sub-districts, including Batulappa District, as BPS listed the largest shelled corn producing area in Pinrang Regency. Corn production in 2016-2018 continued to increase successively, were in 2018 it was able to produce shelled corn of 56,185 tons. The Covid-19 pandemic has had an impact on several sectors, one of which is the agricultural sector. This study aims to analyze the impact of the Covid-19 pandemic on the production and income of hybrid corn farmers in Watang Kassa Village, Batulappa District, Pinrang Regency. The area was chosen because it is the largest corn producing area and the majority of the surrounding population depend on corn farming. The data collected in this study are primary data and secondary data. Primary data was obtained through interviews with respondents using questionnaires, while secondary data is obtained indirectly or through intermediary media, data that has been available in various forms by relevant government agencies. Total sample in this study were 42 corn farmers. Researchers used descriptive quantitative methods through interviews with farmers and filling out questionnaires as a support to obtain data. Corn farming was analyzed using income analysis and further with hypothesis testing, namely the Paired Sample T-Test average difference test. The results showed that there was a real or significant difference in corn production and there was an average decrease in corn production by 537/kg while the average income of corn farmers increased by IDR 1,097,000.

Fertilization is one of the important factor to increase production. The aim of this study was to determine the appropriate dosage of inorganic fertilizers to increase the growth and yield of three cultivars of upland rice. This research was conducted at the Center for Research and Development of Gogo Rice, Faculty of Agriculture, Tadulako University, Kalama, Tamarenja Village at an altitude of 180 to 250 above sea level with a latitude of 00^o 26'51.5” South Latitude and 119^o49'50.6” East Latitude, Sindue District, Donggala Regency, Central Sulawesi Province. The time of the research started from March to August 2020. This research was compiled and carried out using the factorial 2 factors Randomized Block Design (RBD) method. The first factor used three local upland rice cultivars, namely: Pae Bohe, Buncaili, and Uva Buya, while the second factor used six doses of inorganic fertilizers, namely: No fertilization, NPK fertilization 100 kg/ha, 200 kg/ha, 300 kg/ha, 400 kg/ha, and 500 kg/ha. There were 18  combinations, where each treatment was repeated three times so that there were 54 research units. Parameters observed included plant height, number of productive tillers, age of panicle appear, harvest age, number of panicle grains, percentage of empty grain, 1000 grain weight and production. The results showed that the Pae bohe cultivar with fertilization dose of 500 kg/ha produced the highest number of productive tillers (6.69 per clump), the lower percentage of grain pests (5.34%), and the highest production (3.82 tons/ha).

Pontianak Aloe Vera (PAV) is one of the plants in Indonesia that is used as an icon of the city of Pontianak. This plant is widely planted in Kalimantan and is known for its medicinal and cosmetic benefits. The method used is reference search through Google Scholar, Research Gate and other electronic media and then analyzed by descriptive method. The articles reviewed in Indonesian or English language, which published between 2010 to 2022, relevantly. Based on the research results, this plant contains various chemical compounds, such as aloemoedin, aloebarbadiod, vitamin C, collagen, polysaccharides, enzymes, and minerals that have the potential as cosmeceuticals. The products made from Aloe vera produced by the researchers are in the form of external use products in the form of gels, creams, lotions, liquid soaps, and so on for skin and hair care and the use of products orally in the form of powders. These treatment products are reported to have benefits as an anti-dandruff and hair growth stimulate. In addition, other benefits on the skin are maintaining moisture and hydration of the skin, as a sunscreen, stimulating the growth of fibroblasts to treat wounds after surgery, brightening the skin, fading wounds and acne scars, reducing the severity of acne and maintaining skin elasticity.

Indonesia is listed as one of the countries with a high rate of deforestation. This deforestation occurs in almost all islands in Indonesia, including Sulawesi. Deforestation analysis needs to be carried out to determine the rate of change in forest cover and the factors that cause it, so that forms of forest management can be planned to achieve sustainable forest management This analysis is expected to fulfill the need for information on how the vulnerability of deforestation occurs spatially, where the locations of deforestation occur and what factors encourage deforestation and forest degradation. The study found that the rate of forest decrease from 1990 to 2020 was 328 hectares/year with the highest rate was from 1990 to 2000 with rate of forest decrease 690 hectares/year. The deforestation located in four area that has difference land cover change. Area 1 changed to settlement and dry land agriculture, area 2 changed to cocoa plantation by the local community planted in 2000s, area 3 changed to cocoa plantation by the local community planted in 2010s. Area 4 changed to open area/bareland indicated after ilegal logging occurred since 2000.

The red onion of the Palu Valley variety is a type of shallot that grows well in the Palu valley and its surroundings. It has a distinctive taste when fried, so it is one of the souvenirs from the city of Palu. This study aimed at examining the soil’s physical properties on land often planted with shallots. This research was conducted in Guntarano Village, Donggala Regency. Soil samples were analysed at the Laboratory of Soil Science, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Tadulako. The research was carried out from June to November 2022. The method used was a survey method and the research location was determined deliberately (purposive sampling). The soil samples were taken on shallot farming land at flat and back of the slope. Depending on the area of the land, there were five composite samples where each composite sampling representing from 5-10 points of observation. The results of analystzing the physical properties of the soil showed that the shallot fields had a crumb to lumpy soil structure; medium to heavy bulk density; soil organic matter varied from medium to high; and water conten at field capacity range from 16.12% to 22.85%. The soil in the shallot farming area has begun to show poor soil quality  due to high soil porosity (66,09 %)  and high soil permeability (13,10 cm/hour).