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Indonesia's mangosteen exports to several Asian countries, Europe, and the Middle East have increased yearly, especially during the Covid19 pandemic. However, efforts to improve domestic mangosteen cultivation technology are inadequate. The research materials used include 45 mangosteen trees accessed by Donggala and Sigi already producing (age + 20 years) and Urea, TSP, and KCL fertilizer. The tools used are meters, plastic labels, calipers, digital scales, Smartphones, and GPS Garmin 64 Sc. Using a RandomIzed Group Design (RAK), one factor, namely fertilization, consists of three levels of treatment in each District. The observation results were analyzed using ANOVA, and if there was a significant influence, it was continued with the BNJ analysis. The results showed that fertilization treatment using BALITBU TROPIKA Solok and analysis results from the Soil Science Laboratory Unit of the Agriculture Faculty University of Tadulako increased plant height and triangular area stamina by 100 to 300 percent compared to without fertilization. There was an increase in plant height and triangular stamina area by 100 to 300 percent compared to without fertilization. There was an increase in plant height and triangular area stamina by 100 to 300 percent compared to without fertilization. There was an increase in production of fruit height from 155 to 394 percent, fruit/seed locul number from 101 to 106 percent, fruit production per tree from 175 to 178 percent, and fruit diameter from 119 to 137 percent.

This research aims (1) to discover the factors influencing food security; (2) to determine food security after a natural disaster occurred on September 28, 2018. The research was conducted in Lambara, Central Sulawesi, from June to November 2021. The population of this study was 31 farmer households and, at the same time, became the study's sample. Data were obtained in several ways: literature study, interviews, and questionnaires. Data relating to food security is processed using portion of food expensesanalysis. On the other hand, an analysis of the factors affecting food security is carried out by OLS (Ordinary Least Square) analysis in multiple regression. Testing the hypothesis in multiple linear regression analysis is carried out by testing the regression coefficients, namely testing the regression coefficients as a whole (F-test) and the regression coefficients partially (t-test) with a 2-way test α = 5%. From the data processing results, it is known that the food security of farming households after natural disasters based on the share of food expensesis 70.97% food secure and 29.03% food insecure. Factors with significant effects on food security after natural disasters are income and level of education.

Education for sustainable development (ESD) became a highlighted issue in the educational sector all around the world. The concept is to integrate the social, economic, and environmental aspects to create a more comprehensive solution to maintain planet sustainability. Higher education as an institution that creates agents of change in society must be adapted toward nowadays issues that are related to global development. Agricultural industries became an area that was also impacted by climate change. Higher education is an institution that also undertakes tri dharma that carries on their solution toward this issue. This research aims to explore how to integrate of Education for Sustainable Development in higher education institutions (HEI) to reduce the impact of climate change on agricultural industries. The research uses a systemic literature review related to the topic. This research result is a strategy to integrate Education for Sustainable Development (ESD) in higher education starting by making a commitment, program planning, and integrating into the curriculum to improve the university student’s awareness about the impact of climate change on food security and planet sustainability. Higher education can make a broad effect on agricultural mitigation of climate change. This program can be implemented in a higher education institution to make a more relevant learning process that also supports “Merdeka Belajar” curriculum in Indonesia.

The Covid-19 pandemic that has occurred in Indonesia has brought many significant impacts on human life in various aspects of people's lives.  Policies during the pandemic such as Work from Home (WFH) and Large-Scale Social Restrictions (PSBB) have also had a socioeconomic impact on the community, including the most basic needs, namely food. On the other hand, agricultural land that continues to be eroded for the benefit of development and the age of farmers who are on average old whose ability to grow them is declining also play a role in the decline in food. The threat of a food crisis is now gradually beginning to haunt the entire society. Based on Global Hunger Indonesia (GHI) data, the hunger rate of people in Indonesia is in the serious category even though it has decreased from 24.9% (2010) to 20.1% in 2019. Indonesia must remain vigilant against the threat of famine that can trigger various kinds of major issues such as health, social and security. Urban farming is a gardening concept by utilizing the space in the house or settlement. Based on the foregoing, urban farming is very supportive and gives positive appreciation because it has proven to provide more benefits for the community in the midst of a pandemic. A number of studies also mention that urban farming can be an ideal agricultural concept in the future.  In addition to the considerable benefits of urban farming, the main challenges in urban farming are determining how to monitor, regulate, and minimize risks in environmental, economic, and socio-environmental forms and understanding how urban farming can be sustainable in urban food systems globally. Urban agriculture can increase the value of food locality and reduce the energy spent in the fruit and vegetable production process. Therefore, the city government has an important role in providing specific regulations to support the implementation of sustainable urban farming.

Climate change has become an issue that affect every aspect of our lives, including in food security and economic matters. Climate change mitigation plays a key role to prevent the worst impact of climate change. Higher education can take a role on university-based mitigation action in reducing local emission by promoting service-learning approaches that include climate change mitigation. This paper aims to explore the role of higher education to support climate change mitigation to achieve tangible local benefits in facing climate change. This research uses a systematic literature review method related to climate change mitigation in higher education. This paper illustrating the role of higher education to support climate change mitigation by using service-learning approach and creating climate change governance networks. Higher Education Institution as an organization with significant impact toward local community can act as catalyst for sustainable development system. Higher education institution needs to regulate and renew energy systems and reorganize transportation system in order to reduce CO₂ emissions and communicate message to higher education community to support climate change mitigation actions in personal level.

Risk is a constant threat to businesses, including to farms in North Lombok, Indonesia.  This paper examines the relationships between risks of farming and incomes generated by the selected farms.  Data related to farm risks and incomes were collected from samples of farmers in wetland and dryland in North Lombok Indonesia, through series of face-to-face interviews on the farms or farmers houses, guided by a semi-structured questionnaire.  Quantitative analyses were carried out on farm risk levels and income, followed by descriptive comparative on examination of the relationships between the two main variables of this paper.  Results of analyses revealed that incomes from farming crops in North Lombok were not obviously related to the risks associated with the crop production and market.  However, agricultural producers have selected crops for their suitability to the land (soil) and local climate, by which farming risks were reduced or eliminated, for sustaining farming activities, and expecting high farm income.  Since crops have been suitable to the land climate, as well as to the acceptable risk, then agricultural production is continued and income is generated for the farmers.  

The food crisis and climate change have become two critical challenges facing the lives of local communities in various parts of the world. This research aims to analyze and understand the impact of the food crisis and climate change on local communities and how they adapt to these increasingly complex conditions. This study uses a qualitative approach by collecting data through in-depth interviews, participatory observation, and document analysis. The research sites involve several communities in areas that are exposed differently to food crises and climate change. The results of the study show that the food crisis and climate change are seriously affecting the daily lives of local people. Decreasing food availability, shifting weather patterns, and natural disasters further exacerbate their social and economic conditions. Local communities experience difficulties in meeting basic needs such as food, clean water and proper housing. In addition, climate change also has an impact on the agricultural sector which is the main source of livelihood for local communities. Traditional cropping patterns are no longer suited to unstable weather, and pest attacks and drought often destroy crop yields. This has resulted in reduced incomes and greater dependence on government assistance or humanitarian organizations. However, this study also identified several adaptation efforts made by local communities to deal with the food crisis and climate change. Some communities have changed cropping patterns and are cultivating crop varieties that are more resistant to climate change. The community is also actively developing local resources such as fish ponds and food processing to reduce dependence on imported food. In facing this challenge, inter-community cooperation and support from the government and international institutions are key in increasing food security and adaptation to climate change. Increasing access to sustainable agricultural technologies and financial assistance for local communities can strengthen competitiveness and reduce inequalities in the face of the impacts of the food crisis and climate change. In conclusion, this research highlights the importance of an in-depth understanding of the impact of the food crisis and climate change on local communities and adaptation efforts that can be made to strengthen their resilience. The increasing complexity of these challenges demands collective action from all parties involved to achieve sustainability and prosperity for local communities in the era of globalization and climate change.

Increasing the number of inhabitants in Indonesia led to the limited agricultural land so that the paddy fields become narrow and limited, the limited paddy fields caused agricultural production in Indonesia to decline while demand increased. Tidal land cultivation is still rarely performed due to the high salt content (NaCl). The purpose of this study is to obtain upland rice cultivars that are tolerant of salinity stress. The study was conducted in November to December 2019 at the Seed and Science Technology Laboratory of the Faculty of Agriculture, University of Tadulako. The study was arranged using a completely randomized design (CRD) of two factors where the first factor consisted of two levels, namely Logi, and Tako, while the second factor consisted of five levels, namely 0.5%, 0.6%, 0.7%, 0.8%, and 0.9% were repeated three times. The results showed that tako cultivars have a good tolerance to salinity stress compared to logi cultivars, tako cultivars have the fastest germination time and germination capacity above 80%. At a concentration of 0.5% can not inhibit the growth of upland rice, but at a concentration of 0.9% can inhibit the growth of upland rice.