Vol 11, No 2 (2024): December

Pectin is commonly used to soften jellies, jams and other products. In addition, fruits and vegetables contain pectin to maintain plant cells. Pectin is a high-value food fiber that can be called a functional food. This pectin plays an important role in gel formation and as a stabilizer in the manufacture of jelly, jam, and marmalade. Pectin is widely used in the food industry because it has the ability to act as a fruit preservative and to form a gel as a base for forming jelly as well as a thickener and stabilizer, while in the food industry it is used in the production of jams, confectionery, pasta and dairy products. The objectives of this study are: To determine the physical and chemical properties and quality of pectin extracted with hydrochloric acid (HCL) and to achieve the optimal concentration of hydrochloric acid solvent. The study was conducted in the agroindustrial laboratory of the agricultural faculty of the university of Tadulako, Palu, Sulawesi Tengah. The duration of the study will be from october 2022 to january 2023. This study is an experimental study based on fruit skins with hydrochloric acid concentrations using a complete one-factor random design (RAL) pattern. The factors tested consist of several hydrochloric acid concentration levels, namely: 1N; 1.5N; 2N; 2.5N; AND 3N. The analytical parameters observed include: yield, methoxil level, water level, ash level and galacturonal acid level. the results of the research carried out that: the concentration of HCl solvent in the extraction of pectin fruit peels is best at a concentration of 3N. The concentration of 3N HCl extracted from the Siamese Pumpkin Skin  physical characteristics, namely yield 36.11%, while the chemical properties were 1.99% water content, 0.42% ash content, 3.615% methoxyl content and galactoronate acid 137.88%. and for provide the best quality of pectin from fruit siamese pumpkin skin according to the quality standards set by ippa (international pectin manufacturers association), so it has potential as a thicker and gel forming. based on the results of the research conclusion: Concentration of hydrochloric acid solvent, on  extract siamese pumpkin skin best at 3N concentration.

The area of ​​agricultural land in Indonesia is dominated by rainfed rice fields whose limiting factors are limited water, low land productivity, and low levels of technology adoption. This research was carried out from April 2019 to August 2019. On rainfed land in Karawana Village, Dolo District, Sigi Regency, Central Sulawesi. The technology used is shallow good irrigation pumping. This study aims to develop maize cultivation to increase the production and productivity of strategic commodities with shallow good pumping technology. The results showed that: (a) One technology package through the development of a shallow well irrigation system with pumping which refers to the availability of water and plant needs optimally by using water gun technology. (b) The establishment of an innovative design for rainfed dry land food crops with the production component of tile products with 9.4 tons Lamuru, 6.8 tons/ha, Sukmaraga 6.2 tons/ha, 5.0 tons without weights /ha, R/C: Ratio: 2.16

Forests as a gift and mandate of God Almighty bestowed on the Indonesian Nation is a priceless natural wealth, therefore it must be grateful. Therefore, the forest must be managed and utilized wisely as a manifestation of gratitude to Allah SWT. The production forest area in the KPH Dampelas Tinombo area that is included in Parisan Agung Village, Dampelas Sub-district, which is indicated to have suffered damage, has an area of around 410 hectares. Therefore, a study on the composition and potential of production forests in Parisan Agung Village is needed for planning the utilization and development of plantation forests with the aim of providing welfare for the people living around the forest area without changing its main function. This research was carried out for 3 months starting from January to March 2020. The location of this research is located in the production forest in the KPHP Model Dampelas Tinombo area which is included in the Parisan Agung Village area, Dampelas District, Donggala Regency, Central Sulawesi Province.

The composition of vegetation types of Parisan Agung Village production forest consists of 28 types of vegetation. at the tree level in the plot as many as 165 individuals from 25 types of vegetation while pole level vegetation as many as 140 individuals from 25 types of vegetation, stake level as many as 145 individuals from 28 types of vegetation and seedling level as many as 154 individuals from 28 types of vegetation. While the potential volume of trees in the observation plot is 162.53 m3 from 165 individuals, the bayas species has the largest volume with 13.17 m3 and the pole level volume in the observation plot is 17.89 m3 from 140 individuals, the prupuk species has the largest volume with 1.63 m3.

The establishment of micro-enterprises for Independent Workers (TKM) aimed at enhancing sustainable food security in Teluk Bintuni Regency, West Papua, is a crucial initiative to bolster local food production sustainably. This study investigates the challenges of TKM and the cooperation among stakeholders in the regional employment expansion initiative. Qualitative research was employed, encompassing field observation, interviews with micro-entrepreneurs and stakeholders, and focus group discussions (FGDs) with local populations. The findings indicate that the Independent Workers (TKM) initiative significantly enhances local economic development by empowering micro-enterprises in food production and processing. Challenges faced by TKM, specifically restricted financial access, market entry, corporate governance, and digital marketing, continue to pose substantial barriers. Cooperation among government agencies, commercial firms, academic institutions, and non-governmental organizations is crucial for addressing these challenges. This study underscores the necessity for a unified strategy to enhance TKM development, fostering sustainable food systems and economic resilience. This collaborative methodology seeks to produce insights for attaining the sustainable development goals (SDGs) associated with poverty alleviation and hunger reduction in the region.

Mandalika, recognized as one of Indonesia's super-priority tourism attractions, offers substantial prospects for local economic advancement. Nonetheless, obstacles in employment and entrepreneurship endure due to skill discrepancies, restricted access to resources, and inadequate social support systems. This study assess: (i) ascertain the function of social support in mitigating employment and entrepreneurial obstacles and (ii) investigate solutions for creating a sustainable local economic ecosystem. Data were obtained utilizing a mixed-method approach, encompassing surveys, in-depth interviews, focus group discussions, and document analysis. The results demonstrate that social support is essential in alleviating employment obstacles, especially in enhancing access to training, mentorship, and financial resources. The study underscores a deficiency in stakeholder integration, as local governments, business organizations, and university institutions exhibit insufficient coordination in promoting sustainable entrepreneurship. The study delineates primary obstacles, such as the lack of organized business models, insufficient marketing acumen, and poor financial oversight inside micro and small firms. The report offers a multi-stakeholder entrepreneurship strategy that focuses on accessibility, capacity building, and ongoing mentorship to address these concerns. These initiatives, along with enhanced policy frameworks and digital adaption, are crucial for promoting economic resilience. The findings highlight the necessity for a holistic support framework that amalgamates community involvement, regulatory modifications, and sustainable business methodologies to guarantee equitable economic advancement in Mandalika. Future study should concentrate on assessing the enduring effects of social support systems on improving economic sustainability and resilience.