Vol 1, No 1 (2014): June

The need for soybean increasing every year causes soybean imports to be done continually, so an effort to increase the production must be done to reduce dependency on imported soybean. This study aims to determine the characters that can be used as an indicator of selection to increase soybean yields. The study was conducted in the village of Sa'atu, Coastal Poso Subdistrict, Poso Regency, Central Celebes Province, from January to April 2011. Using a randomized block design (RBD) with 30 genotypes (varieties) as the treatments that were repeated 3 times, so it obtained 90 units of experimental plots. The observed variables were plant height at harvesting time, flowering age, harvesting age, number of pods per plant, number of seeds per pod, number of productive branches per plant, total weight of pods per plot, weight of 100 seeds and yield of seeds. The results showed that plant height at harvesting time, harvesting age and number of seeds per pod have genetic variability coefficients that were moderate while the other traits were high. The number of pods per clump and the number of seeds per pod have moderate heritability values while the other traits were high enough. Harvesting age has a significant negative genetic correlation with the yield while the number of productive branches, total weight of pods per plot and weight of 100 seeds have significant positive genetic correlations with soybean yields. Weight of pods per plot is a trait that has high direct effect on and significant positive correlation with the yields so it can be used as an indicator of trait selection to improve soybean yields.

Cassava commodity has strong linkages with other industries. This is indicated by coefficient of its multiplier effect being greater than one. That means that investment of IDR 1 billion for the commodity will affect total economic activity of Central Sulawesi as big as the coefficient. The aim of this study is to estimate potentially competitiveness of cassava commodity of Central Sulawesi in international trade. In particular, the aim of this study is to estimate (i) potentially competitive advantage of cassava commodity; (ii) potentially comparative advantage of cassava commodity; (iii) level of governmental protection to price of tradable input for cassava; (iv) level of governmental protection to cassava outputs; and (v) level of simultaneously protection to cassava output sand tradable inputs for cassava. PAM method was used by using time series data of during 2000 – 2013 from BPS and FAO. The results of analysis shows that cassava commodity from Central Sulawesi has potentially competitiveness in international trade. This is showed by (i) potentially competitive advantage was indicated by PCR is less than one; thus cassava farm can be developed on a large scale; (ii) potentially comparative advantage was indicated by DRC is less than one; This means that in developing for cassava farm can be done by saving the resources; (iii) NPCR is equal to zero to show that government policies to tradable inputs is very protective, but actually that was caused by farmers didn’t apply fertilizers and pesticides;  thus developing for cassava farm can be done by organic farm, so cassava farm can be became as entry point in green economy of Central Sulawesi; (iv) NPCO is less than one meaning that government policies for output prices is in-protective, so cassava farmers didn’t enjoy actual prices of cassava output; and (v) EPC is less than one meaning that beside government policies for prices of cassava output is in-protective, government policies for tradable inputs is also in-protective; thus although the farmers didn’t enjoy the surplus prices, however they can pay tradable inputs being lower than actual prices of the tradable inputs.

Land tenure can be used as an illustration of equity control of the main production factors in the agricultural sector. Changes in agricultural land tenure structure will affect agricultural production (farming) both in terms of efficiency and farm income, while the pattern of land ownership represents the state ownership of the main production factors in agricultural production. The purpose of this study was to analyze the factors that influence the choice of tenure to the use of inputs, attitudes, motivation, work ethic, production and income. The research location is determined by using purposive sampling method, i.e. selecting the study area based on the characteristics or specific reasons are deemed to have a close relationship with the problems examined. The selected area in this study was Sigi District where became one of the centers of rice production, furthermore Subdistrict Gumbasa have been selected because as one of the centers of rice production also has the status of land tenure are more varied in Sigi District. The District Gumbasa selectived 2 Villages where has the highest number of rice farmers such as the Pakuli and Kalawara Village. Respondents in this study amounted to 99 respondents. Factors that affect the status of tenure choice can significantly increase the probability of tenure including the production, input prices, output prices, household income and work ethic, while the factors that were not affect the land tenure were motivation, use of labor and attitudes of farmers.

This research aimed to find out the result of green bean production towards the use of cow manure, to find out one spacing that can improve the production of green bean as well as to find out interaction between the use of cow manure  and spacing towards the production of green bean. This research was done at Suka Damai Village of Bolango Utara District in Bone Bolango Regency. This activity was done during the months of January to March 2012. This research used experimental method by using 2 factors in the form of Random Group Pattern. The first treatment was given by using the following manure dosage: P0 : Zero manure, P1 : Cow manure dosage of 5 ton/ha, P2 : Cow manure dosage of 10 ton/ha. Then the second treatment was the spacing in the following: J1 : 40 cm x 15 cm, J2 : 40 cm x 20 cm, J3 : 40 cm x 25 cm. Data were analyzed by using Analysis Of Variance and to find out the influence of dominant treatment by performing Honesty Significant Different Test. The result of the research shows that the treatment of P1J3 or cow dosage manure of 5 ton/ha with the spacing of 45 cm x 25 cm can give good result. 

Yantu et al. developed the prototype of smallholder cocoa farm. The aim of this study is (i)  to test effect of application of biological agent to productivity of cocoa farm; and (ii) to test workability of the prototype based on the application. Design of the research was completely random design. There were 4 treatments for every object (cocoa black pod (CBP), vascular streak dieback (VSD), and pod borer (PB), 6 repetition, and 4 observation times. The result of analyzes showed that the treatments significantly effect to the decreasing of attack level of CBP, VSD and PB at level of alpha 0.05. The result of Tukey’s method showed that two treatments significantly difference from control, namely P2 (spraying with Trichoderma sp. for CBP and VSD, and with   B. bassiana for PB), and P3 (spraying with Trichoderma sp. and giving compost plus Trichoderma sp. for CBP and VSD, and with B. bassiana giving compost plus Trichoderma sp. for PB). Iterating the primary data of the treatments both to the prototype can be predicted event of decreasing of pod damage, namely 75 – 93 percents. That signed that the prototype put to a test its workability. The hypothesis value for decreasing was just 35.69 percent. In consequence of the decreasing is the increasing of the productivity minimal 3.36 in magnitude.

The term bioassay is used to describe the use of living material to test the effect of known and putative biologically active substances. In places where advanced analytical equipment is not available, rapid screening using simple, affordable methods is needed. Seeds of Seeds of peas were germinated (Arditti and Dunn, 1969) and grown in the dark at 20°C for 2 days. Five pre-germinated seeds immersed in 30 mL solution containing test solutions of auxins (IBA), cytokinins (kinetin) and a gibberellin (GA₃) all seeds were distributed at randomly to Petri dishes containing the test solution. Auxin activity peak was equivalent to 0.005 µM, while cytokinin activity peaked at 0.5 µM, and gibberellin at 0.5 to 5 µM based on root measurement.

This study aims to determine a good growing medium that is capable of supporting the early seedling growth of abaca banana seedling during the period of acclimatization that taken from tissue culture. It has been carried out in a greenhouse located in the Kalukubula Village Sub District Sigi-Biromaru District Sigi Central Sulawesi Province. In this study used a randomized block design (RBD) with three replications. The treatment consists of 6 (six) 'type and composition of growth media were: M1 = soil, M2 = soil + Casting (1: 1), M3 = soil + Bokashi (1: 1), M4 = soil+ rice husk (1.1), M5 = soil + rice Husk Charcoal (1: 1) and M6 = soil + Sawdust (1: 1). The results showed that different types of media can provide different seedling growth which the soil media + rice husk can provide growth of abaca plant higher than other growing media treatments, characterized by the increase in plant height, number of leaves, total plant dry weight, total leaf per plant, net assimilation rate and the rate of growth,