Vol 6, No 2 (2019): December

Community needs for the shallot commodity take place regularly every day because it is a food flavoring ingredient. For this reason, it needs to be followed by the availability of production supplies that are in accordance with consumer needs. Sigi Regency is one of the centers of shallot and chili production in Central Sulawesi, so far it has not been able to make a real contribution in meeting the needs of the community which tends to increase. This is because the exploitation of shallots and chillies is still monoculture, so the risk of crop failure, production decline and farmers' losses is very high. This research was carried out with the aim to determine the growth and yield of shallots planted with various cropping patterns mong chillies, so that information on suitable cropping patterns can be obtained to ensure the availability of high yields of shallots and chillies to meet community needs. The results showed that (i) various shallot cropping patterns among chilli plants did not significantly affect the greenness of leaves, tuber length, fresh weight per tuber, fresh weight of tuber per clump, harvest index and moisture content of shallot bulbs; (ii) leaf length, harvest age and fresh tuber weight of onion bulbs per hectare planted with different cropping patterns among chilli plants were not significantly different, except with monoculture shallot cropping patterns obtained by longer leaves, shorter harvest age (62.0 days) and the weight of fresh bulbs per hectare is higher (1.83 t / ha) compared to various shallot cropping patterns among chilli plants.

This study aimed to analyze the stability of chrysanthemum prices, the contribution of chrysanthemum farming income to the total farmer household income, and the income risk of chrysanthemum farming. The study was conducted on October 2018 at the member of GemahRipah Farmer Group of Bandungan District, Semarang Regency, Central Java. Census was used as the research method. Thirty-one farmers who are members of Gemah Ripah Farmer Group and cultivating chrysanthemum chosen as respondents. Data analysis method uses price stability analysis, income contribution analysis, and income risk analysis. The results showed the value of coefficient variation (CV) of price was 49.55%, and this value indicates the price of chrysanthemum was classified as unstable because the price was called stable if it has a coefficient of variation between 10-30%. The average income from chrysanthemum farming was Rp. 7,851,521.61 / month on a land area of 1,168.55 m2. Chrysanthemum farming income contributes 88% to total farmer household income, which means that income from chrysanthemum farming contributes very high. The coefficient variation of income was 39.43% indicates that income risk of chrysanthemum farmers was high because it has more than 30% of the coefficient variation.

Shallot farming productivity refers to the ecosystem supporting. This study aims to analyze the difference between productivity and income of shallot farming based on the distance from the water resources. Additionally, factors that affected the farmer's income were also studied with a survey approach by using purposive sampling in Wanasari District, Brebes Regency. The data collected through interviews with the questionnaire. The data were analyzed by using productivity analysis, income analysis, Kruskal-Wallis Test, and multiple linear regression analysis. The results showed that there was a difference in farmer's productivity and income based on the distance to the water resources. The productivity of shallot in Wanasari District amounts to 12,780 kg/ha/planting season. Meanwhile, the farmer's income in Wanasari District amounted to IDR 57,677,334/ha/planting season. According to the data analysis, factors that affect the shallot farmers' income were shallot price, productivity, the amount of TSP and NPK fertilizers, and the amount of pesticide applied.

Crude palm oil (CPO) is one of the leading export commodity that has contributed greatly to the Indonesian economy. The majority of CPO production is exported to various destination countries such as India, China, Pakistan, the Netherlands, and Malaysia. The proportion of Indonesian CPO exports was 80-75%, and domestic consumption was only 20-15% of total production. Indonesian CPO exports still show an increasing trend. This study aims to identify the factors that affect Indonesian CPO exports using the data from 2002-2017. This research used the multiple linear regression method of Ordinary Least Square (OLS). The results showed that CPO production, CPO prices in the international market, CPO prices in the domestic market, crude oil prices in the international market, the exchange rate of rupiah, and export rates had a significant effect on Indonesia's CPO export.

This study analyzed the income and factors that affect the crystal guava farming income at partnered and non-partnered farmers with the Agricultural Department of Semarang City Government The survey was done with the respondents that were chosen by purposively. A total of each 30 respondents were interviewed on partnered and non-partnered farmers. The data collected were analyzed by multiple linear regression test and coefficient variants. The result showed that there was a different revenue between partnered and non-partner farmers with the government. The income of partnered farmers was IDR 14,835,818.60/year, while the income of non-partnered farmers was IDR 75,717,383.27/year. The variables of the number of trees, the amount of production, cost farming, and the statues of farmers significantly affected the income of crystal guava farming. Meanwhile, the amount of NPK fertilizer and age were not significantly affected the income of crystal guava farming. The risk of farming of partnered farmers was higher than non-partner farmers.

This study analyzed the roles of social capital in rice breeding at Kassiloe village of La’bakkang Subdistrict,Pangkep Districtand provided recommendations on strategies to strengthen social capital based on informal institutions that can be applied or implemented by farmers groups. Data were solicited through face to face interviews and focus group discussion (FGD) to farmers and rice seed breeding practitioners. Qualitative and quantitative SWOT analyses were performed to determine the best strategy to improve rice seeds at the study site. Based on the research findings, a strategy was developed (Strengths - Threats) to improve extension agents’ creativity to motivate farmers, enhance farmers groups meeting to utilize certified seeds. Strategy (Weakness – Threats) to centralize trainings using demplot seeds from the breeding sites, the use of efficient alsintan and application of modern agriculture technologies. Strategy (Strengths – Opportunities) to enhance communication and groups’ meetings to widen the demplot using seeds from the breeding activities, continued planting schedule synchronization and strategy (Weakness – Opportunity) to agree on the selling price of the bred seeds so that all the groups’ members can get some profit, massive and measured agriculture technologies applicationin order to give equal profit to all group members.

This study aims to analyze the shallot marketing channels, analyze the efficiency of shallot marketing, and the factors affect the efficiency of shallot marketing in Wanasari, Brebes Regency. The study was conducted in December 2018 - January 2019 in Wanasari District, Brebes Regency. The sampling of farmers respondents was carried out by the proportionate stratified random sampling method involved 100 farmers. A snowball sampling technique with 22 traders was done for marketing agency respondents. The data collected, subsequently analyzed descriptively with marketing channel patterns. The marketing efficiency, farmer's share and RPM, and factors affecting marketing efficiency were also examined. This study indicates two marketing pattern channels for shallot seedlings and three patterns for consumption. Efficient marketing channels was only in pattern I. Besides, pattern II, III, and IV were found in less efficient marketing. In contrast, pattern III was an inefficient marketing channel. The multiple linear regression test showed that the coefficient of variable selling price of farmers was negative and had a significant effect on marketing efficiency. Coefficient of the variable consumer purchase price was positive and had a significant effect on marketing efficiency. Also, coefficient of the variable number of institutions involved was negative and had a significant effect on marketing efficiency.

Antagonist fungi have enormous potential to be a biological agent to control Fusarium basal rot (FBR) disease in shallot. This study aims to explore, isolated, and tested the antagonistic of Trichoderma sp. indigenous isolated from shallot fields against FBR disease. Exploration of isolates was carried out at the shallot planting center in Sigi Regency. The isolation characterization and inhibition tests were carried out at the Laboratory of Plant Pathology Tadulako University. The inhibition test was using two culture methods. The results showed that there were Trichoderma sp. obtained from shallot fields in the village of Sidera. In vitro test results showed Trichoderma sp., which was found to be able to inhibit the growth of the fungus F. oxysforum. The highest inhibition reached 69.18% within six days. As a comparison of inhibition of Trichoderma harzianum, a laboratory collection, within 6 days only reached 61.06%. Trichoderma sp. the origin of shallot fields was more effectively used as a biological agent in controlling FBR disease.