Vol 14, No 3 (2007): September

Research using survey method was carried out at Wonosobo Regency with collected sample size of 87 farmers. Utility function, gross margin (as time function), and regression analyses with degrees function were used. Result of the research showed that all of farmers could handle their potato farming risk. Cost and average revenue per hectare could be predicted by using three degrees polynomial function appropriately. Economics social factor, age, education, numbers of family, farm experience, land wide and occupied field status significantly affected farmer behavior risk to conduct their potato farming. The higher the age, the education, the numbers of family, the farm experience, the land wide, and the status, the higher the farmer bravery to handle the risk.

This reearch intends to analyze the policy impact of export tax evailed for Crued Palm Oil (CPO) on macroeconomic and sectoral performances using export tax simulation through Computable General Equilibrium application. Using 5 scenarios, export tax cause the ratio of balance of trade to GDP declined (delBreal) from -318,84 percent to -190,62 percent. This impact occured as a result of a decrease in export tax responded directly by an increase in export volume and export value. Prevailing high export tax would weaken demand of investment in agriculture sector, particularly in plantation and CPO.

Field trial was conducted in the farming area in Parigi Moutong regency. Vigor test was performed in the Seed Technology Laboratory, Agronomy Department Faculty of Agriculture Tadulako University. This trial lasted from 5 February to 16 July 2006. The aim of this trial was to evaluate the effect of non-tillage and the application of low dosage Phosphorus fertilizer in the rice-field following rice sowing on the initial vigor of mung bean seeds produced. This trial used Block Randomized Design in factorial pattern with three replications. Two factors tested, namely non-tillage practices with four levels, namely non-tillage, non-tillage + mulching, non-tillage + glyphosate, and non-tillage + mulching + glyphosate. The second factor was Phosphorus fertilizer with four levels, namely without Phosphorus fertilizer, 1/3 of recommended Phosporous fertilizer dosage (30 kg P2O5/ha); 2/3 of recommended Phosphorus fertilizer dosage (60 kg P2O5/ha); and as of recommended Phosphorus fertilizer dosage (90 kg P2O5/ha). Differences between treatment were determined by using Least Significant Difference test at 5% and 1%. Results of this tial showed that Phosporous fertilizer and non-tillage system did not have interaction. Application of Phosphorus ar recommended dosage had the highest dried-seed yield per hectare, germination (97,50 %) and germination rate (29,457 %)

The research about the understorey plant community in the Lore Lindu National Park Central Sulawesi has been conducted from March 2004 to February 2005. The research used multiple plots by survey methods with plot size 2X2 m as much 25 plots each forest type. There were 2 types of observed forest namely: “wana” (primary forest) and “pangale” (primary disturbed forest). The result showed the understorey plant composition was differ in two forest types observed. “Wana” were dominated by Pilea wightii (Urticaceae), Curculigo orchimoides (Hypoxidaceae), Chionanthus ramiflorus (Oleaceae) Callophyllum soulatri (Clusiaceae) whereas “pangale” were dominated by Diplazium angustippina, Zizhipus sp (Rhamnaceae), Freycinetia angustifolia, Castanopsis accuminatissima. The Shanon diversity index of wana (3.25) was higher than pangale (3.06).

The research aim was to identify the influence of extract concentration of orange skin on the population density and the attack intensity of the larvae P. xylostella. The research was conducted from June to September 2004 in Bobo Village, Palolo Regency, Donggala District, Province of Central Sulawesi. The research used a Completely Randomized Design with 5 treatments replicated 3 times, thus, there were 15 experimental units. The levels of extract concentrations were without extract as a control (A), 10% extract concentration (B), 20 % extract concentration (C), 40 % extract concentration (D), and 80% extract concentration (E). The research results showed that the extract of orange skin significantly decreased the population of the P. xylostella larvae. The best treatment was the 80 % extract concentration than other application.

The aim of the research was to identify the participation level of female farmers on the farming system of fried onion var. local Palu, activities dominantly carried out by the female farmers in the farming system, and their contribution to family incomes. The research used a Survey method with a descriptive analysis. Respondents were purposively determined based on the marital status of the female farmers as housewives who actively participate in the farming system activities. There were 4 research locations in where 10 respondents were taken from each location, thus in total there were 40 respondents. The results showed that there was no significant difference in the involvement of the female farmers on the farming system activities among the research locations except for Sidera area where the female farmer only carried out certain activities. The types of the farming system activities showing high involvement of the female farmer were planting, cleaning, and harvesting. The level of family incomes derived by the female farmers due to their involvement in the farming system activities was varied among the research locations. The largest income was generated by the female farmers in Guntarano which was IDR 763,875 per planting season followed by those in Wombo which was IDR 728,437. The income generated by the female farmers in Soulowe and Sidera was IDR 409,500 and IDR 389,812 per planting season, respectively.

This research aims (1) to analysis factors affecting the level of food tenacity both directly and indirectly, (2) to analysis the correlation and the influence between availability, food access and livelihood, nutrition and health, and food susceptibility, and (3) to analysis the effect of availability, food access and livelihood, nutrition and health, and food susceptibility on the level of food tenacity either partial or combination. This research conducted in 3 sub-district at Malang District: (1) Kepanjen, (2) Pakisaji, and (3) Sumber Pucung with 30 villages. The research carried out using Path analysis with indicators: (1) Availability, (2) Food access and Livelihood, (3) Nutrition and Health, and (4) Food susceptibility. The results of analysis show that only 3 factors significantly affect the level of food tenacity such as food access and livelihood, nutrition and health, and food susceptibility. However, indicator of availability shown no significant. The Successful of food security can be achieved if food could reach to household level.

The experiement was carried out in Wisolo vilage, Dolo Selatan, Donggala , Sulteng, Started from January 2007 to April 2007. The purpose of the experiement was to find an optimal dose of fertilization bokashi and sprinkler of generation EM-4 to producing a good Physiological quality of soybean seed. Used seed was Willis variety the experiement and used a randomized block design with dose of fertilization bokashi and sprinkler of generatin EM-4 as the treatment. The treatment was consisted of : (a). A0P0 (Without bokashi + Without generation EM-4/ha), (b).A0P1 (Without Bokashi + Generation EM4 50 ltr/ha), (c). A0P2 (Without Bokashi + Generation EM-4 100 ltr/ha), (d). A1P0 (Bokashi 500 kg + Without Generation EM-4/ha), (e). A1P1 (Bokashi 500 kg + Generation EM-4 50ltr/ha), (f). A1P2 (Bokashi 500 kg + Generation EM-4 100 ltr/ha), (g). A2P0 (Bokashi 1000 kg + without generation EM-4), (h). A2P1 (Bokashi 1000 kg + generation EM-4 50 ltr/ha), (i). A2P2 (Bokashi 1000 kg + generation EM-4 100 ltr/ha). Result indicated that treatment with fertilization bokashi equal to 1000 kg/ha + generation EM-4 100 ltr/ha (A2P2), was produced the highest yield of dry seed and bernas seed.

The research was conducted in Lili savanna at West Timor. Fifteen Bligon does the late gestation were used for ten weeks. Does were randomly devided into 3 groups of treatment such as, R0 = control, does grazed during daylight ; R1 = R0 + 1 % suplement on body weight basic ; R2 = R0 + 2 % suplement on body weight basic. The aims of the research were to study the effect of local feed suplement on bligon does at late gestation period to lactation period to decrease kids mortality grazed at Timor savanna. The result of the research shows the birth weight and daily gain, colostrum and blood Ig of the kids and milk production score of group R2 (2.42 kg ; 106.15 g ; 94.8 mg/ml; 2,13 g/dl, 630,83 g) were significant higher than (P<0.01) R1 (2.25 kg, 79.33 g, 71.2 mg/ml ; 1.87 g/dl, 516.64 g) and R0 (1.73 kg, 47,11 g ; 43 mg/ml ; 0,97 g/dl, 409.55 g) except for the birth weight of R2 and R1. Blood components (PVC, leukocyte, erytrocyte, Hb, glucose, protein) as well as neutrofil phagocytosis R2 were higher than R1 and R0. The conclusion of this research is that local feed suplement can increase health status and decrease Bligon kids mortality whose grazed at Timor Savanna.

The feeding behavior and of hylobates syndactylus (siamang) was investigated at the Way-Canguk Research area in Bukit-Barisan Selatan National Park between the months of February and July 2002. The research was conducted in undisturbed forest area (F1) and disturbed forest area (F2). Focal animal sampling method was use with and interval of 5 minutes. Six siamangs in each forest types were observed. The results of the investigations concluded that F1 and F2 siamangs spend more time resting than feeding. The percentage of feeding activity whichy is done by F1 and F2 Siamangs are 31% and 34%. The activity began at 6 until 7 am and increased to midday until 2 pm. After that, the activity decreased until 5.30 pm. The monthly range correlates negatively activity of F1 and F2 siamangs use mostly the middle layer of the canopy.