Vol 11, No 1 (2023): Februari

The objectives of this study were (i) to determine the production level of Simple Rapoviaka Chocolate Industry at which the break-even point was achieved, and (ii) to determine the income and revenue of the industry at the break-even point.  Respondents were purposively selected, including the industry management and its two employees who could provide information about the production process to ensure the accuracy and relevance of the data collected for the research purposes.  The research used the Break-Even analysis as its analytical approach. The findings revealed that the break-even point for five variants of chocolate bars is achieved when the production reaches 209 packages, each priced at IDR 18,000 generating a monthly sales of IDR 3,762,000. Similarly, the break-even point for eight variants of chocolate bars is attained at a production of 419 packages, also priced at IDR 18,000 per package generating a monthly sales IDR 7,542,000.

This study objective was to evaluate various drying techniques used to produce coconut flour from coconut pulp in order to assess its physico-chemical and organoleptic properties. The research was carried out at the Agroindustry Laboratory of the Faculty of Agriculture and the Chemistry Laboratory of the Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences Tadulako University. This research was carried out from January to April 2021. The study was arranged using a completely randomized design and a randomized block design with one factor namely drying temperatures (40ºC, 50ºC, 60ºC, 70ºC and 80ºC). Each treatment was replicated 3 times.  The results of the study showed that the best drying temperature based on the physico-chemical and sensory characteristics of coconut fluor was 70°C. The treatment at 70°C resulted in an average value of 3.64% moisture content, 1.86% ash content, 9.21% protein content, 51.68% fat content, and 26.24% fiber content for the coconut flour. Organoleptic analysis of coconut flour at 70°C showed a color score of 5.0 (slightly like), aroma score of 5.60 (slightly like), taste score of 4.68 (neutral), and texture score of 5.36 (slightly liked).

Tofu is a popular and nutritionally balanced food, widely favored as a side dish among people. The aim of this study was to investigate the factors affecting the demand for tofu in Pamona Selatan Sub District of Poso District, focusing on the influence of tofu price, tempeh price, consumer income, the number of dependents in the consumer's family, and the age of the consumer.  The analysis revealed that, among the five variables examined, namely tofu price, tempeh price, consumer income, number of family dependents, and consumer age, only tofu price, the number of family dependents, and consumer age had a significant effect on the demand for tofu in Pamona Selatan sub-district, Poso Regency. On the other hand, the price of tempeh and consumer income did not show any significant effect on the demand for tofu in this region.  The R² calculation indicated that approximately 69.1% of the variation in tofu demand in South Pamona District, Poso Regency, can be explained by the variables such as tofu price, tempeh price, the number of dependents in the consumer's family, and the age of the consumer. The remaining percentage is attributed to other variables that were not considered in this study.

The objective of this research was to assess the potassium nutrient status in lowland rice fields. The study was conducted in Ranteleda Village, Palolo Sub District, Sigi District, from January to June 2021. Soil samples was analyzed at the Soil Science Unit Laboratory, Faculty of Agriculture, Tadulako University, Palu.  A survey method was employed in this research, and a purposive sampling technique was used to determine soil sampling locations. The soil sampling was carried out at two different depths: 0-20 cm and 20-40 cm. Each sampling point was considered as a replicate.  The results revealed that soil K-Total content ranged from 38.54 to 36.62 mg/100g (moderate).  The soil pH was moderately acidic, with a range of 6.23 to 5.08. The organic carbon content (C-organic) ranged from 3.31% to 2.58% (moderate). The soil CEC was found to be in the range of 13.19 to 10.54 me/100g (low).  The exchangeable bases showed very low K (0.11 me/100g), very low Ca (1.16 me/100g), moderate Mg (1.15me/100g), and a moderate Na (0.31 me/100g).

This study was conducted at the Faculty of Agriculture Academic Gardens of Tadulako University between August and December 2021. The research used a two factorial randomized block design (RBD). The first factor was different types of manure bokashi, including no bokashi, chicken manure bokashi, cow manure bokashi, and goat manure bokashi. The second factor was the bokashi dose, comprising four levels: no bokashi, 10 t/ha, 15 t/ha, and 20 t/ha. Each treatment was replicated three times, resulting in a total of 48 experimental units. The findings revealed that there was no significant interaction between the bokashi dose and type of manure on the growth and yield of peanut plants. Among the various bokashi doses, the application of 20 t/ha resulted in the best growth and yields for peanuts. Additionally, when comparing different types of bokashi, the goat manure bokashi produced greatest peanut growth and yields.

The objectives of this research were to determine the effects of inputs including land area, seeds, urea fertilizer, phonska fertilizer, and labor on rice production, and to determine the income generated from lowland rice farming in Masani Village, Poso Pesisir Sub District, Poso District. Respondents of 58 household head were selected using a census method.  Data analysis was performed using the Coob-Douglas function analysis and income analysis. The findings of the research revealed that 89.50% of the variation in the rice production can be attributed to the effects of the land area, seeds, urea fertilizer, phonska fertilizer, and labor. The remaining 10.50% of the variation was influenced by other factors that were not accounted for in the estimation model. On average, the farmers in Masani Village, earn approximately IDR 15,233,951.35/ha/planting season.

The objective of this research was to find the suitable concentration of citronella extract that can effectively hinder the growth of C. capisici colonies responsible for chili pod rot in a controlled environment (in vitro). The study was conducted at the Laboratory of Plant Diseases, Faculty of Agriculture, Tadulako University, in July 2018. The research employed a completely randomized design (CRD) with four treatments and a control group, named ES0 (0% concentration, control), ES1 (0.3% concentration), ES2 (0.6% concentration), and ES3 (0.9% concentration), and ES4 (1.2% concentration). The experiment was repeated three times. The study demonstrated that as the concentration of citronella extract increased, the inhibition of fungal colony growth also increased. The most effective inhibition was observed with a 1.2% concentration of citronella extract, which was significantly different from the other treatments.

Tofu, a processed soy product, has undergone continuous innovation, evolving from a simple fried snack sold on roadsides to becoming a prominent item on the menus of large restaurants. In Indonesia, people show less interest in consuming raw soybeans and prefer processed options, with tofu being one of their preferred choices. This study was carried out at Mitra Cemangi Tofu industry located in Bayoge Village, Tatanga Sub District of Palu City. The choice of this location was intentional as Mitra Cemangi is a prominent tofu business in Palu City. The research was conducted between March and April 2020, with five purposively selected respondents: one leader and two employees and two consumers. The analysis utilized the SWOT method, which revealed a rating value of 1.71 for the internal strategic factors and 1.21 for the external factors in the development of the Nitra Cemangi Tofu Industry business. It was determined that the appropriate development strategy for the Mitra Cemangi Tofu Industry is the S-O strategy. This strategy focuses on leveraging strengths to capitalize on existing opportunities and can prove beneficial for the growth of the Tofu Mitra Cemangi Industry.

Mina padi represents a polyculture system that combines fish farming with paddy rice cultivation. In situations where there is limited irrigation water, this arrangement often transitions into a dryland cropping system. The primary objective of this study is to assess various soil characteristics and the sodium levels in dried mina wetland rice fields located in Sidondo I Village, Sigi Biromaru District, Sigi Regency. The findings revealed that the mina padi fields exhibited a range of textures, including loamy loam, sandy loam, and loam. Permeability varied from slow (0.39 cm/hour) to very fast (37.11 cm/h), while soil bulk density ranged from medium (1.37 g/cm³) to heavy (1.73 g/cm³). Porosity values ranged between slightly poor (48.3%) to poor (40.0%), organic matter content spanned from low (1.53%) to medium (3.44%), and sodium levels ranged from relatively low (0.36 Na-dd (cmol (+) kg^-1) to very high (10.42 Na-dd (cmol (+) kg-1).

The main objectives of this research were to examine the various marketing channel of cayenne pepper, to assess the percentage of the price received by farmers (producers) in every channel, and to evaluate the marketing efficiency of cayenne pepper in Siwalempu village, Sojol sub district, Donggala district. A total of 40 respondents participated in the study, selected using a simple random sampling method. The chili commodity in Siwalempu Village was found to be marketed through two different channels. The first channel involves the sequence: Producers → Collectors → Retailers → Consumers, and in this channel whereas the second channel operates as follows: Producers → Retailers → Consumers.  The farmers in the channel 2 received 91% of the final price paid by consumers greater than the farmers received in the channel 1 (87%). Additionally, it was observed that the channel 2 has a shorter marketing process compared to channel 1. The research revealed that the channel 2 exhibits higher marketing efficiency, with a value of 3.08%, while channel 1 marketing efficiency calculated was 2.24%. Therefore, channel 2 is considered to be more efficient in the marketing of cayenne pepper compared to the channel 1.

The objective of this research was to find the optimal combination of soil loosening timing and liquid organic fertilizer dosage to enhance the yield of Lembah Palu shallot variety. The study was conducted in Kayumalue Ngapa village, Central Sulawesi, from November 2019 to January 2020. A two-factorial randomized block design was employed. The first factor was the soil loosening time: loosening at 1, 3, 5 weeks after planting and loosening at 2, 4, 6 weeks after planting. The second factor was the application of liquid organic fertilizer: 150 ml/ha, 300 ml/ha, and 450 ml/ha. The findings revealed that the interaction between soil loosening time and liquid organic fertilizer dosage significantly affected the plant height parameter. Particularly, loosening the soil at 1, 3, 5 weeks after planting along with a 150 ml/ha dose of liquid organic fertilizer produced higher plant height. Moreover, the soil loosening time of 1, 3, 5 weeks after planting resulted in improved plant height, tuber diameter, and fresh tuber weight. Similarly, the liquid organic fertilizer of 150 ml/ha demonstrated positive effects on plant height.

Aisyah home industry is a business engaged in bread production, located at Jalan Simpati Number 8, South Palu District, Palu City. The main goal of this research was to identify the appropriate strategy for the development of Aisyah Bakery's home industry.  It was carried out between August and September 2020. The analysis method used in this study was the SWOT analysis. Based on the SWOT matrix of IFAS and EFAS, the strategic position of Aisyah Bakery home industry falls within quadrant I, which represents the Strengths-Opportunities strategy. Consequently, several effective strategies have been identified for the bakery business development: (a) Enhancing production capacity by leveraging readily available tools and raw materials to meet market demand, with support from the government; (b) Utilizing self-generated capital to explore new market segments.

   The aim of this research was to investigate the physical characteristics of soil in cocoa plantations at the Agricultural Technology Research and Assessment Installation of Sigi Biromaru Sub District, Sigi District. Two locations were selected for soil sampling, based on the age of the cocoa plants, specifically 20 years and 25 years. At each location, ten soil samples were collected - five undisturbed and five disturbed samples. The soil analysis was performed at the Laboratory of Soil Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Tadulako University, spanning from August to September 2021. The findings indicated that the 20-year-old cocoa plantation had soil predominantly with a loamy sand texture, heavy bulk density, very poor porosity, moderate organic matter content, and moderate permeability. Whereas, the 25-year-old cocoa plantation exhibited clay-dominated soil with heavy bulk density, very poor porosity, moderate organic matter content, and slightly slow permeability.

Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui pendapatan petani kakao di Desa Bobo Kecamatan Palolo Kabupaten Sigi serta mengetahui kontribusi usahatani kakao terhadap tingkat pendapatan rumah tangga petani kakao di Desa Bobo Kecamatan Palolo Kabupaten Sigi. Penelitian ini dilaksanakan pada bulan November sampai dengan Desember 2020, Penentuan responden dilakukan dengan metode sampel acak sederhana (simple random sampling) jumlah responden petani kakao sebanyak 35 orang petani dari total populasi petani kakao sebanyak 156 orang petani kakako. Analisis yang digunakan adalah analisis pendapatan rumah tangga dan analisis kontribusi. Hasil penelitian yang diperoleh dari penelitian ini yaitu  responden petani kakao di Desa Bobo memiliki rata-rata pendapatan sebesar Rp. 14.305.435,76 /ha serta kontribusi pendapatan usahatani kakao terhadap tingkat pendapatan rumah tangga petani yaitu sebesar 25,81 %, dimana kontribusi pendapatan usahatani kakao lebih kecil dibandingkan kontribusi pendapatan usahatani jagung dan kontribusi pendapatan non usahatani, tetapi lebih besar dari kontribusi pendapatan usahatani kemiri, yaitu sebesar 29,62 % kontribusi pendapatan usahatani jagung, kontribusi pendapatan usahatani kemiri sebesar 13,68 % dan kontribusi pendapatan non usahatani sebesar 30,89 %. Ini berarti pendapatan usahatani kakao memberikan kontribusi yang cukup besar.

The research objective was to investigate the biology of the armyworm pest (Spodoptera frugiperda). The study was conducted at the Plant Pests and Diseases Laboratory, Faculty of Agriculture, Tadulako University, spanning from February 2020 to April 2020. The findings revealed the duration of each life stage in the life cycle of S. frugiperda: the egg stage last for approximately 3 days, the first instar larvae stage range from 2 to 3 days, the second instar larvae stage range from 2 to 3 days, the third instar last for 3 to 4 days, the fourth instar larvae stage range from 2 to 4 days, the fifth instar larvae stage last for 2 to 3 days, and the sixth instar larvae stage persist for 3 days. The pupae stage lasts for 8 to 11 days, the male imago stage span 9 to 11 days, and the female imago stage range from 10 to 13 days. Overall, the total life cycle for males is approximately 36 to 42 days, while for females, it is around 37 to 45 days. Additionally, the female imago displays a pre-oviposition period lasting 3 to 4 days, followed by an oviposition period of 5 to 6 days, and finally, a post-oviposition period of 2 to 4 days. The research also revealed the production of 7 groups of eggs with a total of 815 eggs per group.

Sofie Home Industry is a Small-Medium business operating in the agro-industry sector, specializing in the production of shredded fish using tuna as its primary raw material. The objectives of this research were to determine the optimal procurement quantities for raw materials, to establish the required safety stock levels in the production process, and to identify the appropriate time for placing back orders to ensure a smooth supply of raw materials for the shredded tuna business at Sofie Home Industry. The findings of the study revealed that the average Economic Order Quantity (EOQ) for shredded tuna raw materials during January-December 2020 was 104.65 kg, with an average purchase frequency of 8.16 times. The safety stock for raw materials maintained by Sofie's Home Industry was consistently set at 53.92 kg. Additionally, during January-December 2020, the Reorder Point for raw materials at Sofie's Home Industry was established at an average inventory level of 265.65 kg in the freezer. The total cost incurred by Sofie's Home Industry for the supply of tuna raw materials was averagely IDR 64,127.73    per kg.

The objective of this research was to investigate the effect of goat manure bokashi on the growth and yields of red ginger plants as well as soil fertility. The study took place between July 2021 and October 2021, conducted in the experimental field at the Faculty of Agriculture, University of Tadulako, using soil samples from Tinombo Sub District, Parigi Moutong District. The application of goat manure resulted in a significant increase in plant height, leaf number, and red ginger tuber weight compared to the control group. Moreover, the overall soil fertility was enhanced by the addition of goat manure bokashi. Notably, the treatment with 30 t/ha of bokashi exhibited the highest soil pH (7.40) with 3.55% organic carbon content, 0.19% total nitrogen, 54.46 mg P₂O₅/100 g, 69.61 mg K₂O /100g, and a cation exchange capacity (CEC) of 22.41 (cmol (+)/kg).

The aim of this research was to identify the factors that influence corn production after an earthquake in Pandere Village, Gumbasa Sub District, Sigi District. The study was conducted between July and November 2020, with data collected from 35 randomly selected corn farmers. The data was analysed using the Cobb-Douglass production function. The results indicated that the value of F-count (253.962) was greater than the critical F-table value (2.55) at a significance level of α = 5%. This led to the rejection of the null hypothesis (H0) and acceptance of the alternative hypothesis (H1), indicating that the production factors simultaneously influence corn production significantly whereas partially only the land area had a significant effect on corn production in Pandere Village, Gumbasa District, Sigi Regency. Other factors such as seeds, urea fertilizer, NPK fertilizer, and labor did not show a significant effect on corn production in the same region.

Cucumber, an economically valuable horticultural product, requires enhanced productivity and quality. This study aimed to investigate the influence of different concentrations of liquid organic fertilizer (LOF) of Moringa leaf on the growth and yields of cucumber plants. The research was conducted at the Academic Garden of the Faculty of Agriculture, Tadulako University, Palu, between November 2020 and January 2021. Employing a randomized block design (RBD), the experiment involved five levels of Moringa leaf LOF concentrations: Control (P₀), 100 ml/l water (P₁), 200 ml/l water (P₂), 300 ml/l water (P₃), and 400 ml/l water (P₄). The findings revealed a significant effect of Moringa leaf LOF concentration on the growth and yield components of cucumber plants. The concentration of 300 ml/l water of Moringa leaf LOF resulted in taller plants, an increased leaf area size and number and a higher fruit number.

The purpose of this research was to determine the effect of various factors, including the prices of water spinach and long bean (as a substitute good), consumer income, number of family dependents, and consumer tastes on the demand for water spinach. The study was conducted in both the morning and evening markets in Ampana Kota. Multiple Linear Regression was utilized to test the hypotheses in this study. The analysis revealed that the coefficient of determination (R²) was 0.728, indicating a reasonably strong relationship between the variables. The F test results showed that the calculated F value (12.827) was greater than the critical F value (2.758), indicating that the multiple linear regression model is suitable for explaining the effect of the spinach and long bean prices, consumer income, number of family dependents, and consumer age on the demand for water spinach. These factors had simultaneously significant effect on the spinach demand.  Separately, all factors had also a significant effect on the demand.

The purpose of the study was to investigate the effect of adding coffee husk compost and Nasa liquid organic fertilizer (LOF) on the growth and yields of cayenne pepper plants. The research was conducted in Bakti Agung Village, Poso District, from November 2020 to February 2021. The study utilized a two-factorial randomized block design (RBD). The first factor was control (K₀), 25 g coffee husk compost (K₁), 50 g coffee husk compost (K₂), 75 g coffee husk compost (K₃), and 100 g coffee husk compost (K₄). The second factor was control (P₀) and 4 ml Nasa/l water (P₁). Therefore, there were 10 treatment combinations. Five plants were grown in each experimental unit. The findings revealed that there was no significant interaction effect between the application of coffee husk compost and Nasa LOF on all parameters observed. However, the individual effect of the K₃ treatment demonstrated a better plants growth of cayenne pepper in all observation parameters. Similarly, the individual effect of the P₁ treatment showed larger fruit number and weight.

The marketing of Tilapia fish primarily takes place in Palu and its nearby areas. The selling price of tilapia at the producer or fisherman level in Tomado Village differs significantly from the price paid by the end consumer. This substantial price difference is attributed to the involvement of marketing agencies in the fish buying and distribution process. The objectives of the study: (i) to investigate the formation of marketing channels and marketing margins for tilapia fish, and (ii) to assess the level of efficiency and price received by fishermen in in Tomado village. The research was carried out in December 2019. The respondents were selected using a simple random sampling technique, resulting in 38 samples. The analysis involved three main approaches: Marketing Margin analysis, Marketing Efficiency analysis, and Farmers Share analysis. The study findings revealed the existence of two marketing channels for tilapia in Tomado Village. The marketing margin for the channel I was IDR 19,000, while for the channel II it was IDR 17,000. The marketing efficiency in channel I was 2.33%, whereas in channel II it was 3.60%. Furthermore, the share of the price received by fishermen, also known as Farmers Share, was 24% in the channel I and 32% in the channel II.

The aim of the study was to determine the effects of different amounts of goat manure on the growth of Chinese mustard (Brassica juncea L.) plant. The research was carried out at the Green House of the Faculty of Agriculture at Tadulako University, Palu. The study took place from February to April 2020 and used a Randomized Block Design (RBD) with five treatments.  The treatments involved varying doses of goat manure: no manure (P₀), 5 tons/ha (P1), 10 tons/ha (P2), 15 tons/ha (P3), and 20 tons/ha (P4). Each treatment was replicated 3 times, resulting in 21 experimental units.  The findings revealed that the P4 treatment resulted in largest plant height, and leaf number and leaf area size at 28 days after sowing.

Copra, a processed coconut product, has significantly contributed to improving Central Sulawesi province economy.  The research location was in Lende village of Sirenja sub district of Donggala district, Central Sulawesi where 31 respondents were selected from a population of 102 copra farmes.  The research was conducted from November to December 2020.  The results showed that the average copra production produced by the copra farmers in Lende Village was 1,321 kg/production with an average revenue of Rp. 6,048,000/production, while the average production cost incurred by the copra farmers was IDR 1,646,120.97/production leading to an average income of IDR 4,240,175.20/production for the copra farmers.

The purpose of this study is to assess the effect of operational costs, length of time at sea, ship engine, distance covered at sea, and experience at sea on the catches of purse seine fisherman in Paranggi Village, Ampibabo Sub District, Parigi Moutong District from November 2020 to January 2021. According to the study's findings, operational costs, duration of sea trips, ship engine, distance travelled at sea, and experience at sea all influence the capture of fish with purse seiners in Paranggi Village, Ampibabo District, Parigi Moutong Regency.

The objective of this study was to achieve optimal concentrations for promoting the growth of Arabica coffee seedlings. This investigation was carried out in the Screen House at Tadulako University's Faculty of Agriculture in Palu, Central Sulawesi. The research lasted from April until August of 2020. Using a Randomized Block Design (RBD) with a single factor—shallot extract—three treatments were used, each replicated nine times, for a total of 81 experimental units: E1 at 40%, E2 at 50%, and E3 at 60%. An analysis of variance (with a significance level of 5%) was performed to assess the impact of these interventions on the observed parameters. In cases where statistically significant effects were found, a second honest significant difference test (5% BNJ) was performed.  The results showed that applying different doses of shallot extract stimulated Arabica coffee seedling growth, as shown by increased plant height, leaf count, and stem diameter. Notably, a 60% shallot extract concentration had a particularly significant influence on the growth rate of Arabica coffee seedlings. 

Tikke, a village located in Tikke Raya Sub District of Pasangkayu District, is primarily inhabited by oil palm farmers.  This study aimed to determine appropriate alternative strategies to be implemented in the development of smallholder oil palm plantations in the village. Respondents were purposively selected, resulting in a total of 30 participants, comprising 25 oil palm plantation owners, two workers, two collectors, and one representative from the Plantation and Livestock Service Office of Pasangkayu District.  SWOT analysis was used in this research to calculate the internal and external factors scores.  The factor scores were 1.46 for the internal factors and 1.47 for the external factors indicating that the development strategy for the smallholder oil palm plantation business is in quadrant I and to enhance productivity is through the strengths - opportunities (SO) strategy.  The proposed alternative strategies include (i) utilizing ownership certificates as collateral for banking institutions, (ii) leveraging the high morale and productive age of plants to encourage wise technology adoption by farmers, (iii) establishing effective communication channels with the workforce and the company to boost oil palm plantation productivity, and (iv) Increasing productivity by employing local workers, which can contribute to reducing unemployment.

The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of combining biochar and cow bio-urine on the growth and yields of cayenne pepper plants. The research was conducted between April and July 2019 in Lagarutu of Tanamodindi Village, Palu City, Central Sulawesi Province. A randomized block design was employed with 5 treatments: control with no biochar and bio-urine added (P1), 64.43 g husk charcoal /plant with no bio-urine (P2), 64.43 g husk charcoal + 40 ml bio-urine/plant (P3), 64.43 g coconut shell charcoal with no bio-urine (P4), and 64.43 g coconut shell charcoal + 40 ml bio-urine/plant. The results of the study indicated that the combination of biochar and cow bio-urine had a significant effect on plant height, number of leaves, number of productive branches, time of flower appearance, number of fruits, and fruit weight. Notably, the treatment of shell charcoal biochar combined with cow bio-urine (P5) resulted in the most favorable growth and yields for cayenne pepper plants.

The development for Small and Medium Enterprises (SMEs) in Indonesia is quite promising. Therefore, it is essential for small and medium entrepreneurs to enhance their business vision, considering the increasingly intense global competition. This heightened competition will undoubtedly impact SMEs' performance. It is well-known that every established business shares a common goal: to maximize profits and enhance the overall value and sustainability of their business. The main objective of this study was to determine the level of business rentability achieved by SME Linda, a fried onion processing SME located in the city of Palu, based on loan capital. The selection of this location was done purposively, considering SME Linda processing fried onions that is worthy of research. The findings indicate that with an additional loan capital of IDR 100,000,000 at an interest rate of 18% per year, Linda's Fried Onion UKM achieves an average economic rentability of 37.75%. In contrast, the average return on own capital stands at 5.82%.

One of the significant diseases afflicting shallots (Allium ascalonicum L) is the purple spot disease (Alternaria porri), leading to substantial harm. The objective of this investigation was to assess the efficacy of papaya leaf extract (Carica papaya L.) against Alternaria porri, the causative agent of purple spot disease in shallots (Allium ascalonicum L.). This research employed a completely randomized design (CRD) with six concentrations of papaya leaf extract (0%, 1%, 2%, 3%, 4%, and 5%) as treatments.  The most effective treatment was observed at a 5% extract concentration, which resulted in the slowest expansion of the A. porri colony diameter (1.60 cm) and the most substantial inhibition percentage (77.21%). These outcomes were significantly different from the control treatment, wherein A. porri colony growth reached 6.17 cm and the inhibitory effect was only 16.22%.