DEVELOPMENT AND IMPROVEMENT OF THE QUALITY OF NATURAL FEED BROILER CHICKEN WITH THE ADDITION OF GARLIC LEAVES MEAL TO PRODUCE PRODUCTION PERFORMANCE, CARCASS QUALITY, AND HEALTHY MEAT QUALITY.
Article History
Submited : April 3, 2023
Published : May 2, 2024
Garlic leaves contain a phytochemical compound, namely allicin which functions as an antimicrobial and antioxidant and can reduce cholesterol and fat in the body so that it can produce healthy chicken growth. Research on meat quality and productivity of broilers obtaining the garlic leaves meal percentage (R0=0; R1=2.5; R2=5.0; R3=7.5; P4=10%) in feed. This study used a completely randomized design (CRD) with The Honest Significant Difference (HSD) as an advanced test. The parameters observed were feed consumption, body weight gain, feed conversion, carcass percentage, and carcass component percentage (chest, upper thigh, lower thigh, back, wings, and abdominal fat). The results showed the addition of garlic leaves meal had a very significant effect (P<0.01) on protein digestibility, energy metabolism, and feed consumption, but had no effect (P>0.05) on body weight gain and feed conversion. Treatment had a significant effect (P<0.05) on the percentage of chicken breast carcass components, a very significant effect (P<0.01) on the upper thigh and lower thigh carcass components but had no effect (P>0.05) on carcass percentage, chicken back and wings. Treatment had a very significant effect (P<0.01) on the percentage of abdominal fat. In conclusion, the treatment gave excellent growth in broilers and produced healthier meat due to the low abdominal fat content.
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Amagase, H. 2006 Clarifying the Real Bioactive Constituents of Garlic. J. Nutr. 136: 716S–725S.
Amrullah, I.K. 2003. Nutrisi Ayam Petelur Seri Beternak Mandiri. Lembaga Satu Gunung Budi. Bogor
Anggorodi, R. 1994. Ilmu Makanan Ternak Unggas. Unversitas Indonesia Press, Jakarta
Bintang, I. A.K dan Muhammad. Z. 2007. Mencapai Bobot Siap Pasar melalui peggunaan Bawang Putih (Allium Sativum L) pada ransum Komersial untuk Ayam Broiler. Jurnal Pengembangan Peternakan Tropis.Volume 32, No. 3. Hal167-172.
Borlinghaus, J., F. Albrecht, M.C.H. Gruhlke, I.D. Nwachukwu, and A.J. Slusarenko. 2014. Allicin: chemistry and biological properties. Molecules. 19:12591–12618. doi:10.3390/molecules190812591
Challem, J. 1994. The Wonder of Garlic. http://www. drpasswater.com/ nutrition library/wonders_garlic.html diakses 26 Juni 2021
Charu, K., S. Yogita, and S. Sonali. 2014. Neutraceutical potential of organosulfur compounds in fresh garlic and garlic preparations. Int. J. Pharm. Bio. Sci. 5(1): (B)112–126.
Dodit, E. P. 2010. Pengaruh Suplementasi Tepung Daun Bawang Putih (Allium Sativum) dalam Ransum terhadap Persentase Lemak Abdominal, Kadar Lemak dan Kadar Protein Daging Itik Lokal Jantan. Skripsi, Program Studi Produksi Ternak, Fakultas Pertanian Universitas Sebelas Maret, Surakarta
Dwi, K. P., Osfar, S. dan Eko, W. 2019. Pengaruh Penambahan Tepung Bonggol Pisang Pada Pakan terhadap Berat Karkas, Persentase Karkas dan Lemak Abdominal Ayam Pedaging. Jurnal Nutrisi Ternak Tropis, Vol 2 No 1 pp 33-41.
Hasil analisis. 2022. Hasil Analisis Laboratorium Nutrisi dan Makanan Ternak Fakultas Peternakan dan Perikanan Tadulako, Palu
Helena, M. D. 2011. Persentase Karkas dan Potongan Komersial Ayam Broiler yang diberi Pakan Nabati dan Komersial. Skripsi. Fakultas Peternakan Institut Pertanian Bogor. Bogor.
Jola, J.M.R. Londok., John E.G. Rompis dan Claudya, M. 2017. Kualitas Karkas Ayam Pedaging yang diberi Ransum Mengandung Limbah Sawi. Jurnal Zootek Vol. 37 No. 1 : 1 – 7.
Lesson, S. and J.D. Summers. 2008. Commercial Poultry Nutrition. 3 rd ed. Nottingham (UK): Nottingham University Pr.
Mahfudz, L. D., W. Sarengat dan B. Srigandono. 2000. Penggunaan ampas tahu sebagai bahan penyususn ransum broiler. Prosiding Seminar Nasional Pengembangan Peternakan Lokal, Universitas Jendral Soedirman, Purwokerto.
Mohammed, M. M., S. S. Shawkat and Z. A. Mohammed. 2020. Impact of Feed Withdrawal In Different Periods On Carcass Characteristics Of Female Broiler Chiks. Anbar Journal of Agricultural Sciences. 18 (2) 14-24. iasj.net/iasj/article/195378
Nasir, Z., Grashorn, M.A. 2010. Effects ofEchinacea purpurea and Nigella sativa supple-mentation on broiler performance, carcass andmeat quality. Journal of Animal and FeedScience, 19, 94-104
National Research Council (NRC). 1994. Nutrient Requirements of Poultry. Ed Rev ke-9. Washington DC: Academy Pr.
Nikola, M. Puvača, Ljiljana M. Kostadinović, Olivera M. Đuragić, Dragana B. Ljubojević, Branislav M. Miščević, Tibor L. Könyves, Sanja J. Popović, Jovanka D. Lević, Nedeljka B. Nikolova. 2016. Influence Of Herbal Drugs In Broiler Chicken Nutritionon Primal Carcass Cuts Quality Assessements. Food and Feed Research, 43 (1), 43-49. DOI: 10.5937/FFR1601043P
Nuningtyas, Y. F. 2014. Pengaruh Penambahan Tepung Bawang Putih (Allium Sativum) Sebagai Aditif Terhadap Penampilan Produksi Ayam Pedaging. J. Ternak Tropika Vol. 15, No.1: 21-30
Oktavia, I. 2013. Persentase karkas dan potongan komersial ayam broiler yang diberi pakan mengandung bungkil inti sawit dengan atau tanpa penyaringan. Skripsi. Fakultas Peternakan, Institut Pertanian Bogor. Bogor.
Pajri, A., Jiyanto dan Melia, A.S. 2019. Persentase Karkas, Bagian Karkas Dan Lemak Abdominal Broiler Dengan Suplementasi Andaliman (Zanthoxylum Acanthopodium Dc) Di Dalam Ransum. Ternak tropika journal of tropical animal production vol 20, no. 2 pp. 172-178
Robinowitch, H.D. and Currah, L. 2002. Allium CropScience: Recent Advances. United Kingdom:CABI Publishing
Salam, S., A. Fatahilah., D. Sunarti dan Isroli. 2013. Bobot karkas dan lemak abdominal broiler yang diberi tepung jintan hitam (Nigella sativa) dalam ransum selama musim panas. Jurnal Sains Peternakan, 11 (2): 84-89.
Sari, K. A., B. Sukamto dan B. Dwiloka. 2014. Efisiensi penggunaan protein pada ayam broiler dengan pemberian pakan mengandung tepung daun kayambang (Salvinia molesta). Agripet 14 (2): 76-83.
Sarjuni, S. 2006. Penggunaan Tepung Daun Pepaya(Carica papaya L ) Dalam Ransum Ayam Pedaging. Thesis Magister Program Pascasarjana Fakultas Peternakan Universitas Diponegoro, Semarang
Scott, M.L,.M.. Nesheim and R.J. Young. et al.,, 1992. Nutrition of The Chicken. FifthEdition. Scott M. L. and Associates. New York
Steel, R. G. D. and J. H. Torrie. 1993. Prinsip dan Prosedur Statistik, Suatu Pendekatan Biometrik. Terjemahan. Judul Asli: Principles dan Procedures of Statistic, a Biometrical Approach. Penerjemah: Bambang S. Gramedia, Jakarta.
Sudiyono dan T.H. Purwatri. 2007. Pengaruh penambahan enzim dalam ransum terhadap persentase kaskas dan bagian-bagian karkas itik lokal jantan. J. Indon. Trop. Anim. Agric. 32(4): 270-277
Sugiarto and N. M. Toana. 2018. The effect of durian (Durio zibethinus Murr) seed meal on nutritive value of the diet, performance and carcass percentage of broiler chickens. Livestock Research for Rural Development 30 (8)
Sugiarto, Achmanu, Rosyidi, D. Hasanuddin, A. 2014. Protein digestibility, performance and carcass quality of broiler chickens fed diets supplemented with centrifuged rumen contents. Livestock Research for Rural Development 26 (2)
Suswono, I. Rosidi dan E. Tugiyanti. 1992. Bagian-bagian Karkas Ayam Broiler dibawah Pengaruh Lantai Kandang dan Frekuensi Pemberian Pakan yang Berbeda. Laporan Hasil Penelitian. Fakultas Peternakan Universitas Soedirman. Purwokerto.
Sutardi. 1992. Pengawetan Pangan: Pendinginan dan Pengeringan. PAU Pangan dan Gizi. Universitas Gadjah Mada Press, Yogyakarta.
Syamsiah, I.S., dan Tajudin. 2003. Khasiat dan Manfaat Bawang Putih. Agromedia Pustaka. Jakarta
Taufik, M. and F. Maruddin. 2019. The effect of garlic solution supplementation on performance, carcass weight and abdominal fat of broiler chickens. International Conference of Animal Science and Technology (ICAST). Earth and Environmental Science 247 012039. doi:10.1088/1755-1315/247/1/01203
Tazi, S.M.E., Mukhtar, M.A., Mohamed, K.,Tabidi, M.H. (2014). Effect of using black pep-per as natural feed additive on performanceand carcass quality of broiler chicks. Inter-national Journal of Pharmacy Research and Analyses, 4, 108-113
Tillman, A.D., H. Hartadi., S. Reksohadiprodjo dan S. Lebdosoekotjo, 1998. Ilmu Makanan Ternak. Gadjah Mada University Press, Yogjakarta.
USDA United States Departement of Agriculture. 2016. National Nutrient Database for Standard Reference of raw garlic. United States: Departement of Agriculture. https://ndb.nal. usda.gov/ndb/foods/show/2968, diakses 23 Juni 2021.
Wahju, J. 2004. Ilmu Nutrisi Unggas. Gadjah Mada University Press, Yogyakarta
Wijaya, C.H. l997. Mengoptimalkan Khasiat Bawang. Harian Kompas, Minggu, 25 Mei l997, Hal: l5, Kol: 6-9. PT. Gramedia, Jakarta.
Zaenab, A, B. Bakrie., T. Ramadhan dan Nasrullah. 2005. Pengaruh Pemberian Jamu Ayam terhadap Kualitas Karkas Ayam Buras Potong. Laporan Penelitian Balai Pengkajian Tekhnologi Pertanian DKI Jakarta, Jakarta.
Amagase, H. 2006 Clarifying the Real Bioactive Constituents of Garlic. J. Nutr. 136: 716S–725S.
Amrullah, I.K. 2003. Nutrisi Ayam Petelur Seri Beternak Mandiri. Lembaga Satu Gunung Budi. Bogor
Anggorodi, R. 1994. Ilmu Makanan Ternak Unggas. Unversitas Indonesia Press, Jakarta
Bintang, I. A.K dan Muhammad. Z. 2007. Mencapai Bobot Siap Pasar melalui peggunaan Bawang Putih (Allium Sativum L) pada ransum Komersial untuk Ayam Broiler. Jurnal Pengembangan Peternakan Tropis.Volume 32, No. 3. Hal167-172.
Borlinghaus, J., F. Albrecht, M.C.H. Gruhlke, I.D. Nwachukwu, and A.J. Slusarenko. 2014. Allicin: chemistry and biological properties. Molecules. 19:12591–12618. doi:10.3390/molecules190812591
Challem, J. 1994. The Wonder of Garlic. http://www. drpasswater.com/ nutrition library/wonders_garlic.html diakses 26 Juni 2021
Charu, K., S. Yogita, and S. Sonali. 2014. Neutraceutical potential of organosulfur compounds in fresh garlic and garlic preparations. Int. J. Pharm. Bio. Sci. 5(1): (B)112–126.
Dodit, E. P. 2010. Pengaruh Suplementasi Tepung Daun Bawang Putih (Allium Sativum) dalam Ransum terhadap Persentase Lemak Abdominal, Kadar Lemak dan Kadar Protein Daging Itik Lokal Jantan. Skripsi, Program Studi Produksi Ternak, Fakultas Pertanian Universitas Sebelas Maret, Surakarta
Dwi, K. P., Osfar, S. dan Eko, W. 2019. Pengaruh Penambahan Tepung Bonggol Pisang Pada Pakan terhadap Berat Karkas, Persentase Karkas dan Lemak Abdominal Ayam Pedaging. Jurnal Nutrisi Ternak Tropis, Vol 2 No 1 pp 33-41.
Hasil analisis. 2022. Hasil Analisis Laboratorium Nutrisi dan Makanan Ternak Fakultas Peternakan dan Perikanan Tadulako, Palu
Helena, M. D. 2011. Persentase Karkas dan Potongan Komersial Ayam Broiler yang diberi Pakan Nabati dan Komersial. Skripsi. Fakultas Peternakan Institut Pertanian Bogor. Bogor.
Jola, J.M.R. Londok., John E.G. Rompis dan Claudya, M. 2017. Kualitas Karkas Ayam Pedaging yang diberi Ransum Mengandung Limbah Sawi. Jurnal Zootek Vol. 37 No. 1 : 1 – 7.
Lesson, S. and J.D. Summers. 2008. Commercial Poultry Nutrition. 3 rd ed. Nottingham (UK): Nottingham University Pr.
Mahfudz, L. D., W. Sarengat dan B. Srigandono. 2000. Penggunaan ampas tahu sebagai bahan penyususn ransum broiler. Prosiding Seminar Nasional Pengembangan Peternakan Lokal, Universitas Jendral Soedirman, Purwokerto.
Mohammed, M. M., S. S. Shawkat and Z. A. Mohammed. 2020. Impact of Feed Withdrawal In Different Periods On Carcass Characteristics Of Female Broiler Chiks. Anbar Journal of Agricultural Sciences. 18 (2) 14-24. iasj.net/iasj/article/195378
Nasir, Z., Grashorn, M.A. 2010. Effects ofEchinacea purpurea and Nigella sativa supple-mentation on broiler performance, carcass andmeat quality. Journal of Animal and FeedScience, 19, 94-104
National Research Council (NRC). 1994. Nutrient Requirements of Poultry. Ed Rev ke-9. Washington DC: Academy Pr.
Nikola, M. Puvača, Ljiljana M. Kostadinović, Olivera M. Đuragić, Dragana B. Ljubojević, Branislav M. Miščević, Tibor L. Könyves, Sanja J. Popović, Jovanka D. Lević, Nedeljka B. Nikolova. 2016. Influence Of Herbal Drugs In Broiler Chicken Nutritionon Primal Carcass Cuts Quality Assessements. Food and Feed Research, 43 (1), 43-49. DOI: 10.5937/FFR1601043P
Nuningtyas, Y. F. 2014. Pengaruh Penambahan Tepung Bawang Putih (Allium Sativum) Sebagai Aditif Terhadap Penampilan Produksi Ayam Pedaging. J. Ternak Tropika Vol. 15, No.1: 21-30
Oktavia, I. 2013. Persentase karkas dan potongan komersial ayam broiler yang diberi pakan mengandung bungkil inti sawit dengan atau tanpa penyaringan. Skripsi. Fakultas Peternakan, Institut Pertanian Bogor. Bogor.
Pajri, A., Jiyanto dan Melia, A.S. 2019. Persentase Karkas, Bagian Karkas Dan Lemak Abdominal Broiler Dengan Suplementasi Andaliman (Zanthoxylum Acanthopodium Dc) Di Dalam Ransum. Ternak tropika journal of tropical animal production vol 20, no. 2 pp. 172-178
Robinowitch, H.D. and Currah, L. 2002. Allium CropScience: Recent Advances. United Kingdom:CABI Publishing
Salam, S., A. Fatahilah., D. Sunarti dan Isroli. 2013. Bobot karkas dan lemak abdominal broiler yang diberi tepung jintan hitam (Nigella sativa) dalam ransum selama musim panas. Jurnal Sains Peternakan, 11 (2): 84-89.
Sari, K. A., B. Sukamto dan B. Dwiloka. 2014. Efisiensi penggunaan protein pada ayam broiler dengan pemberian pakan mengandung tepung daun kayambang (Salvinia molesta). Agripet 14 (2): 76-83.
Sarjuni, S. 2006. Penggunaan Tepung Daun Pepaya(Carica papaya L ) Dalam Ransum Ayam Pedaging. Thesis Magister Program Pascasarjana Fakultas Peternakan Universitas Diponegoro, Semarang
Scott, M.L,.M.. Nesheim and R.J. Young. et al.,, 1992. Nutrition of The Chicken. FifthEdition. Scott M. L. and Associates. New York
Steel, R. G. D. and J. H. Torrie. 1993. Prinsip dan Prosedur Statistik, Suatu Pendekatan Biometrik. Terjemahan. Judul Asli: Principles dan Procedures of Statistic, a Biometrical Approach. Penerjemah: Bambang S. Gramedia, Jakarta.
Sudiyono dan T.H. Purwatri. 2007. Pengaruh penambahan enzim dalam ransum terhadap persentase kaskas dan bagian-bagian karkas itik lokal jantan. J. Indon. Trop. Anim. Agric. 32(4): 270-277
Sugiarto and N. M. Toana. 2018. The effect of durian (Durio zibethinus Murr) seed meal on nutritive value of the diet, performance and carcass percentage of broiler chickens. Livestock Research for Rural Development 30 (8)
Sugiarto, Achmanu, Rosyidi, D. Hasanuddin, A. 2014. Protein digestibility, performance and carcass quality of broiler chickens fed diets supplemented with centrifuged rumen contents. Livestock Research for Rural Development 26 (2)
Suswono, I. Rosidi dan E. Tugiyanti. 1992. Bagian-bagian Karkas Ayam Broiler dibawah Pengaruh Lantai Kandang dan Frekuensi Pemberian Pakan yang Berbeda. Laporan Hasil Penelitian. Fakultas Peternakan Universitas Soedirman. Purwokerto.
Sutardi. 1992. Pengawetan Pangan: Pendinginan dan Pengeringan. PAU Pangan dan Gizi. Universitas Gadjah Mada Press, Yogyakarta.
Syamsiah, I.S., dan Tajudin. 2003. Khasiat dan Manfaat Bawang Putih. Agromedia Pustaka. Jakarta
Taufik, M. and F. Maruddin. 2019. The effect of garlic solution supplementation on performance, carcass weight and abdominal fat of broiler chickens. International Conference of Animal Science and Technology (ICAST). Earth and Environmental Science 247 012039. doi:10.1088/1755-1315/247/1/01203
Tazi, S.M.E., Mukhtar, M.A., Mohamed, K.,Tabidi, M.H. (2014). Effect of using black pep-per as natural feed additive on performanceand carcass quality of broiler chicks. Inter-national Journal of Pharmacy Research and Analyses, 4, 108-113
Tillman, A.D., H. Hartadi., S. Reksohadiprodjo dan S. Lebdosoekotjo, 1998. Ilmu Makanan Ternak. Gadjah Mada University Press, Yogjakarta.
USDA United States Departement of Agriculture. 2016. National Nutrient Database for Standard Reference of raw garlic. United States: Departement of Agriculture. https://ndb.nal. usda.gov/ndb/foods/show/2968, diakses 23 Juni 2021.
Wahju, J. 2004. Ilmu Nutrisi Unggas. Gadjah Mada University Press, Yogyakarta
Wijaya, C.H. l997. Mengoptimalkan Khasiat Bawang. Harian Kompas, Minggu, 25 Mei l997, Hal: l5, Kol: 6-9. PT. Gramedia, Jakarta.
Zaenab, A, B. Bakrie., T. Ramadhan dan Nasrullah. 2005. Pengaruh Pemberian Jamu Ayam terhadap Kualitas Karkas Ayam Buras Potong. Laporan Penelitian Balai Pengkajian Tekhnologi Pertanian DKI Jakarta, Jakarta.
Syahrir, S., Sugiarto, S., Marfuah, N., & Teguh, M. (2024). DEVELOPMENT AND IMPROVEMENT OF THE QUALITY OF NATURAL FEED BROILER CHICKEN WITH THE ADDITION OF GARLIC LEAVES MEAL TO PRODUCE PRODUCTION PERFORMANCE, CARCASS QUALITY, AND HEALTHY MEAT QUALITY. AGROLAND The Agricultural Sciences Journal (e-Journal). https://doi.org/10.22487/agroland.v11i1.1673
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