Karakterisasi Patogen Hawar Daun Bakteri Secara Fenotipik Pada Bawang Merah (Allium cepa L. Kelompok Aggregatum)
Article History
Submited : February 9, 2021
Published : April 25, 2019
Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menentukan jenis patogen yang berasosiasi dengan bawang merah sakit hawar daun bakteri.Penelitian dilakukan dengan metode isolasi dan karakterisasi bakteri berdasarkan sifat morfologi koloni dan sel bakteri, serta biokimiawi dan fisiologis. Hasil isolasi dan karakterisasi diperoleh 8 isolat murni bakteri patogenik yang berasosiasi dengan bawang merah sakit.Umumnya isolat memiliki sifat gram negatif, sel berbentuk batang pendek, mempunyai flagel peritrikus, koloni berwarna kuning, atau krem, berbentuk bundar, cembung, rata, mucoid dan mengkilap. Isolat bereaksi positif terhadap uji katalase, urease, levan, produksi indol, tween 80, dapat hidup pada suhu antara 20 - 37OC, ph 5 - 7 dan toleran pada kandungan NaCl 0 - 8,5%. Isolat bereaksi negatif terhadap oksidase, reduksi nitrat, pigmen fluorescen, arginine, gelatin dan pati.Berdasarkan sifat-sifat tersebut, isolat yang ditemukan umumnya memiliki kemiripan lebih dekat dengan sifat-sifat bakteri P. ananatis (koofisien kemiripan 88%) dibanding bakteri X. axonopodis pv. allii (koofisien kemiripan 78%). Gejala yang ditimbulkan berupa daun layu kebasah-basahan (water soaked), mengkerut, melekuk kebawah, klorosis, nekrosis, dan mati pucuk.
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Zaid, A. M., Bonasera, J. M. & Beer, S. V. 2012. OEM—A new medium for rapid isolation of onion- pathogenic and onion-associated bacteria. Journal of Microbiological Methods 91: 520–526
Alippi, A. M. & Lopez, A. C. 2010. First report of leaf spot disease of maize caused by Pantoea ananatis in Argentina. Plant Disease 94 (4): 487
Azad, H. R., Holmes, G. J., & Cooksey, D. A. 2000. A new leaf blotch disease of sudangrass caused by Pantoea ananas and Pantoea stewartii. Plant Disease, 84(9):973-979.
Cappuccino, J.G. & Sherman, N. 2005. Microbiology: A Laboratory Manual 7th ed. Pearson Education, Inc., Publishing as Benjamin Cumming, San Francisco, CA 94111, USA
Coplin, D. L. & C. I. Kado. 2001. Pantoea. In: Schaad, N. W., J. B. Jones, & W. Chun. Laboratory Guide for Identification of Plant Pathogenic Bacteria. Third Edition. APS Press. The American Phytopathology Society. St. Paul, Minnesota.
Coutinho, T. A. & Venter, S. N. 2009. Pantoea ananatis: an unconventional plant pathogen. Molecular Plant Pathology, 10: 325–335.
Duriat, A. S., Ganaeni, N., Widjaya, E. S., Gunawan, O. S., Kirana, R., Gaswanto, R.,Wulandari, A. W., Sulastrini, I., Ratnawati, M. L., J. M. van der Wolf & van der Zouwen, P. S.2004. A survey on seed borne disease in tomato, pepper and shallot in 2004. Plant Research International AA Wagebingen, the Netherlands.
Duveiller, E., Bragard, C., Rudolph, K. & Fucikovsky, L. 1997. General concepts and methodes for the identification of pathogenic bacteria of wheat. In : Duveiller, E., L. Fucikovsky and K. Rudolph. The Bacterial Diseases of Wheat Concepts and Methods of Disease Management, CIMMYT, Mexico.
Eric A. Carr, E. A., Zaid, A. M., Bonasera, J. M., Lorbeer, J. W. & Beer, S. V. 2013. Infection of onion leaves by Pantoea ananatis leads to bulb infection. Plant diseases, 94 (7): 916.1 - 916.2
Janse, J. D. 2005. Phytobacteriology: Principles and Practice. CABI Publishing, Cambridge, USA
Kadota, I., Uehara, K., Shinohara, H. & Nishiyama, K. 2000. Bacterial blight of welsh onion : a new disease caused by Xanthomonas axonopodis pv. allii pv. nov. The Journal of General Plant Pathology, 66: 310 – 315.
Mergaert, J., L. Verdonck & K. Kersters. 1993. Transfer of Erwinia ananatis (synonym, Erwinia uredovora) and Erwinia stewartii to the genus Pantoea emend as Pantoeaananas (Serrano, 1928) comb. Nov. and Pantoea stewartii (Smith 1989) comb. Nov., respectively, and decription of Pantoea stewartii subsp. indologenes. Int. J. Syst Bacteriology, 43: 162 – 173
Mondal, K. K., Mani, C., Singh, J., Kim, J. G. & Mudgett, M. B. 2011. A new leaf blight of rice caused by Pantoea ananatis in India. Plant Disease 95 (12): 1582
Mortensen, C. N., Ole, S. Lund, Adriko, J., Kubiriba, J., Mbega, E. R., Mabagala, R.B., Bila, J., & Mondjane, A.M. 2011. PCR diagnosis of Xanthomonas campestris pv. musacearum. Technical Bulletin. Research Outputs fro m Enreca pro ject Life-731. Denmark.
Mukherjee, K. L. 2010. Medical Laboratory Technology: A Procedure Manual for Routine Dagnostic Test. 2nd Edition. Tata McGraw-Hill, New Delhi
Ogunjobi, A. A., Fagade, O.E. & Dixon, A.G.O. 2010. Physiological studies on Xanthomonas axonopodis pv manihotis (Xam) strains isolated in Nigeria. European Journal of Biological Sciences 2 (4): 84-90
Pelczar, M.J. & E.C.S. Chan. 2008. Dasar-dasar Mikrobiologi 1. Penerjemah: R.S. Hadioetomo dkk. Elements of Microbiology. UI Press. Jakarta. 525-560.
Pérez-y-Terrón, R., M. C. Villegas, A. Cuellar, J. Muñoz-Rojas, M. Castañeda-Lucio, I. Hernández-Lucas, R. Bustillos-Cristales, L. Bautista-Sosa, J. A. Munive, R. Caicedo-Rivas and L. E. Fuentes-Ramírez. 2009. Detection of Pantoea ananatis, causal agent of leaf spot disease of maize, in Mexico. Australasian Plant Disease Notes. 4: 96 –99
Roumagnac, P., Gagnevin, L., Gardan, L., Sutra, L., Manceau, C., Dickstein, E. R., Jones, J. B., Rott, P. & Pruvost, O. 2004. Polyphasic characterization of Xanthomonas isolated from onion, garlic and welsh onion (Allium spp.) and their relatedness to different Xanthomonas species. International Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Microbiology, 54: 15 – 24.
Schaad, N. W., Jones, J. B. & Lacy, G. H. 2001. Xanthomonas. In: Laboratory guide for identification of plant pathogenic bacteria. Third Edition N. W. Schaad, J. B. Jones and W. Chun, APS Press, 3340 Pilot Knob Road, St. Paul, MN, 55121-2097, USA.
Schaad, N.W., Jones, J.B. & Chun, W. 2001. Laboratory Guide for Identification of Plant Pathogenic Bacteria. Third Edition. APS Press. St. Paul Minnessota. Pathogenic Bacteria. Third Edition. APS Press. St. Paul Minnessota.
Schumann & D'Arcy. 2010. Essential Plant Pathology. Second Edition. The American Phytopathological Society. St. Paul, Minnesota, USA.
Schwartz, H F & Otto, K. 2000. First report of a leaf blight and bulb decay of onion by Pantoea ananatis in Colorado. Plant Disease, 84 (7): 808
Schwartz, H. F. & Gent, D. H. 2005. Diseases : Xanthomonas Leaf Blight of Onion. Gardening Series No. 2.951. Colorado State University, USA.
Schwartz, H. F. & S. K. Mohan. 2008. Compendium of onion and garlic diseases. APS Press, The American Phytopathological Society, USA.
Schwartz, H. F., Otto, K. L. & Gent, D. H. 2003. Relation of temperature and rainfall to development of Xanthomonas and Pantoea leaf blights of onion in Colorado. Plant Disease 87: 11 – 14
Schwartz, H. F., Otto, K. L. & Gent, D. H. 2003. Relation of temperature and rainfall to development of Xanthomonas and Pantoea leaf blights of onion in Colorado. Plant Disease 87: 11 – 14
Shegro, A., Labuschagne, M. T., van Biljon, A. & Srhargie, N. G. 2013. Assessment of genetic diversity in sorghum accessions using amplified fragment length polymorphism (AFLP) analysis. African Journal of Biotechnology, 12 (11): 1178-1188
Suhartono, M. T. 1989. Enzim dan Bioteknologi. Departemen Pendidikan dan Kebudayaan Direktorat Jenderal Pendidikan Tinggi. Pusat Antar Universitas Bioteknologi. Institut Pertanian Bogor.
Suwanto, A. 1995. Bacterial fingerprinting in the investigation of hospital infection. P. 24 – 30. In: Proceeding of Asean-Japan Seminar and Workshop on Hospital Infection. Y. Ngeow and Y. Hiramatsu (Eds). Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
Walcott, R. R., Gitaitis, R. D., Castro, A. C., Sanders, F. H. & Diaz-Perez, J. C. 2002. Natural infestation of onion seed by Pantoea ananatis causal agent of center rot. Plant Disease 86: 106 – 111.
Yousef, A. E. 2008. Detection of Bacterial Pathogens in Different Matrices: Current Practicesand Challenges. In: Principles of Bacterial Detection. Zourob, M., S. Elwary dan A. Turner. Springer Science+Business Media, LLC. Canada.Zaid, A. M., Bonasera, J. M. & Beer, S. V. 2012.OEM— A new medium for rapid isolation of onion- pathogenic and onion- associated bacteria. Journal of Microbiological Methods 91 : 520 – 526
Zaid, A. M., Bonasera, J. M. & Beer, S. V. 2012. OEM—A new medium for rapid isolation of onion- pathogenic and onion-associated bacteria. Journal of Microbiological Methods 91: 520–526
Asrul, A., Arwiyanto, T., Hadisutrisno, B., & Widada, J. (2019). Karakterisasi Patogen Hawar Daun Bakteri Secara Fenotipik Pada Bawang Merah (Allium cepa L. Kelompok Aggregatum). Agroland: Jurnal Ilmu-Ilmu Pertanian, 26(1), 58 -68. https://doi.org/10.22487/agrolandnasional.v26i1.735
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